{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:28:14Z","timestamp":1760059694475,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["CQM Base Fund-UIDB\/00674\/2020","Programmatic Fund-UIDP\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CQM Base Fund-UIDB\/00674\/2020","Programmatic Fund-UIDP\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"]}]},{"name":"Interreg MAC 2014\u20132020 Cooperaci\u00f3n territorial","award":["CQM Base Fund-UIDB\/00674\/2020","Programmatic Fund-UIDP\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CQM Base Fund-UIDB\/00674\/2020","Programmatic Fund-UIDP\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"]}]},{"name":"ARDITI-Ag\u00eancia Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["CQM Base Fund-UIDB\/00674\/2020","Programmatic Fund-UIDP\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CQM Base Fund-UIDB\/00674\/2020","Programmatic Fund-UIDP\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT and Madeira 14-2020 program to the Portuguese Mass Spectrometry Network (RNEM)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CQM Base Fund-UIDB\/00674\/2020","Programmatic Fund-UIDP\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CQM Base Fund-UIDB\/00674\/2020","Programmatic Fund-UIDP\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Red 323RT0142-Red Iberoamericana de Innovaci\u00f3n para la Sostenibilidad de la Cadena de Valor de Alimentos (ibero-circular)-CYTED-Cyted es el Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda para el Desarrollo and the EFSA (2024-2026) Identification","award":["CQM Base Fund-UIDB\/00674\/2020","Programmatic Fund-UIDP\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CQM Base Fund-UIDB\/00674\/2020","Programmatic Fund-UIDP\/00674\/2020","MAC2\/1.1b\/350","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Life"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The garden Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) is increasingly consumed worldwide due to its culinary appeal and perceived health benefits. However, the chemical markers underlying its functional properties remain insufficiently characterized. Building on evidence from a recent human pilot study confirming both high acceptability and dietary safety, we conducted a comprehensive volatilomic and phytochemical analysis of T. majus flowers and their juice. Headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (HS-SPME\/GC-MS) was employed to establish the volatilomic fingerprint of floral tissues and juice. Our analysis revealed a striking dominance of benzyl isothiocyanate and benzonitrile, which together accounted for 88% of the total volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) in the juice, 67% and 21%, respectively. In the floral tissues, benzyl isothiocyanate was even more prevalent, representing 95% of the total volatile profile. Complementary in vitro assays confirmed a substantial total phenolic content and strong antioxidant activity in the flowers. These findings provide a robust chemical rationale for the potential health-promoting attributes of T. majus, while identifying key volatilomic markers that could support future functional and safety claims. In parallel, a benefit\u2013risk assessment framework is discussed in accordance with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guidelines for the Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) of edible flowers. Given that both benzyl isothiocyanate and benzonitrile are classified as Cramer Class III substances, a conservative intake threshold of 1.5 \u03bcg\/kg body weight per day is proposed. To enable quantitative exposure modeling and support the derivation of a tolerable daily intake (TDI), future studies should integrate organic solvent-based extraction methodologies to estimate the total volatile load per gram of floral biomass. This would align risk\u2013benefit assessments with the EFSA\u2019s evolving framework for novel foods and functional ingredients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/life15071053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T12:10:31Z","timestamp":1751285431000},"page":"1053","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["New Contributions to Deepen the Quality-Based Safety Assessment in the Consumption of Edible Nasturtium Flowers\u2014The Role of Volatilome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7223-1022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Perestrelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM\u2014Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"da Gra\u00e7a Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS\u2014Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, Av. Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alda Pereira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Lisbon School of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinic of General and Family Medicine, Ecogenetics and Human Health Unity, Institute for Environmental Health, ISAMB, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9887-0973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria do C\u00e9u","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBIOS\u2014Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona, Av. Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"NICiTeS\u2014Research Center for Health Sciences and Technologies, Polytechnic Institute of Lusophony, ERISA\u2014Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade Ribeiro Sanches, 1950-396 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1965-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 S.","family":"C\u00e2mara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM\u2014Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Garden Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.)\u2014A Source of Mineral Elements and Bioactive Compounds","volume":"69","author":"Jakubczyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rocz. 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