{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T17:24:09Z","timestamp":1777137849018,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]],"date-time":"2024-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2020-112846RB-C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-112846RB-C22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431C 2020\/10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431C 2020\/10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50022\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2020-112846RB-C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-112846RB-C22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431C 2020\/10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431C 2020\/10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010801","name":"Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50022\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"LAETA","award":["PID2020-112846RB-C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-112846RB-C22"]}]},{"name":"LAETA","award":["ED431C 2020\/10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431C 2020\/10"]}]},{"name":"LAETA","award":["UID\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50022\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Lubricants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this research is studying the tribological performance of MoO3, MoS2, WS2 and WC nanoparticles as additives of PAO4. Pure sliding tribological tests were performed at 120 \u00b0C, finding outstanding friction and wear reductions in comparison with the PAO4, with maximum friction reductions of 64% for the 0.1 wt% MoS2 nanolubricant and greatest wear decreases for 0.1 wt% MoS2 nanolubricant: a width reduction of 62% and a worn area decrease of 97%. Raman mapping and a roughness evaluation of the worn pins confirmed the tribofilm formation and mending as tribological mechanisms. Rolling\u2013sliding tests were conducted with best nanolubricants performance in pure sliding, observing excellent antifriction capabilities of MoS2 nanoparticles at low speeds, indicating that the use of nanoparticles is vital in boundary lubrication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/lubricants12030087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,11]],"date-time":"2024-03-11T08:56:41Z","timestamp":1710147401000},"page":"87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tribological Improvement of Low-Viscosity Nanolubricants: MoO3, MoS2, WS2 and WC Nanoparticles as Additives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4510-6517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Li\u00f1eira del R\u00edo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Thermophysical and Tribological Properties, Nafomat Group, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, and Institute of Materials (iMATUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"},{"name":"INEGI, Universidade do Porto, Campus FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4249-2352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos M. C. G.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Universidade do Porto, Campus FEUP, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1919-0003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge H. O.","family":"Seabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.triboint.2019.03.024","article-title":"The impact of tribology on energy use and CO2 emission globally and in combustion engine and electric cars","volume":"135","author":"Holmberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tribol. Int."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Gupta, A. (2012). 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