{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T19:39:06Z","timestamp":1765827546936,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]],"date-time":"2017-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)","award":["112M357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["112M357"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A structural health monitoring (SHM) study of biaxial glass fibre-reinforced epoxy matrix composites under a constant, high strain uniaxial fatigue loading is performed using fibre Bragg grating (FBG) optical sensors embedded in composites at various locations to monitor the evolution of local strains, thereby understanding the damage mechanisms. Concurrently, the temperature changes of the samples during the fatigue test have also been monitored at the same locations. Close to fracture, significant variations in local temperatures and strains are observed, and it is shown that the variations in temperature and strain can be used to predict imminent fracture. It is noted that the latter information cannot be obtained using external strain gages, which underlines the importance of the tracking of local strains internally.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10010032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]],"date-time":"2017-01-03T10:26:49Z","timestamp":1483439209000},"page":"32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Monitoring the Damage State of Fiber Reinforced Composites Using an FBG Network for Failure Prediction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Esat","family":"Kocaman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Erdem","family":"Akay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Ayazaga Campus, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Cagatay","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Sabanci University-Kordsa Global, Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Istanbul Technology Development Zone, Sanayi Mah. Teknopark Blvd. No: 1\/1B, Pendik, 34906 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Halit","family":"Turkmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Ayazaga Campus, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Misirlioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Sabanci University-Kordsa Global, Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Istanbul Technology Development Zone, Sanayi Mah. Teknopark Blvd. No: 1\/1B, Pendik, 34906 Istanbul, Turkey"}]},{"given":"Afzal","family":"Suleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Sabanci University-Kordsa Global, Composite Technologies Center of Excellence, Istanbul Technology Development Zone, Sanayi Mah. Teknopark Blvd. No: 1\/1B, Pendik, 34906 Istanbul, Turkey"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"949671","article-title":"Damage Detection of Composite Plates by Lamb Wave Ultrasonic Tomography with a Sparse Hexagonal Network Using Damage Progression Trends","volume":"2014","author":"Keulen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shock Vib."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cusano, A., Cutolo, A., and Albert, J. (2011). Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors: Recent Advancements, Industrial Applications and Market Exploitation, Bentham Science Publishers.","DOI":"10.2174\/97816080508401110101"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Othonos, A., and Kalli, K. (1999). 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