{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T17:50:34Z","timestamp":1762624234609,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1565827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["51678569, 51678568"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51678569, 51678568"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rheological curves of cement\u2013fly ash (C\u2013FA) paste incorporating nanomaterials including nano-SiO2 (NS), nano-CaCO3 (NC) and nano-Al2O3 (NA) at different resting times (hydration time of 5 min, 60 min, and 120 min) were tested with a rheometer. The rheological behaviors were described by the Herschel\u2013Bulkley (H\u2013B) model, and the influences of these nanomaterials on rheological properties of C\u2013FA paste were compared. Results show that the types, content of nanomaterials and resting time have great influences on the rheological properties of C\u2013FA paste. Incorporating NS and NA increases yield stress and plastic viscosity, and decreases the rheological index of C\u2013FA paste. When the content of NS and NA were 2 wt%, the rheological index of C\u2013FA paste was less than 1, indicating rheological behavior changes from shear thickening to shear thinning. Meanwhile, with rising resting time, yield stress and plastic viscosity increased significantly, but the rheological index decreased evidently, showing paste takes on shear thinning due to the rise of resting time. However, incorporating 3 wt% NC and the rising of resting time did not change the rheological properties of C\u2013FA paste. These differences are mainly that the specific surface area (SSA) of NS (150 m2\/g) and NA (120 m2\/g) are much larger than that of NC (40 m2\/g). The huge SSA of NS and NA consume lots of free water and these tiny particles accelerate the hydration process during resting time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12162598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]],"date-time":"2019-08-15T11:11:00Z","timestamp":1565867460000},"page":"2598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Influence of Nano-SiO2, Nano-CaCO3 and Nano-Al2O3 on Rheological Properties of Cement\u2013Fly Ash Paste"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1007-177X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiming","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"}]},{"given":"Kunlin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Construction Technology of High-Speed Railway, Changsha 410075, China"}]},{"given":"Guangcheng","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Construction Technology of High-Speed Railway, Changsha 410075, China"}]},{"given":"Youjun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Laboratory for Construction Technology of High-Speed Railway, Changsha 410075, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0958-9465(90)90006-J","article-title":"Durability of concrete incorporating high-volume of low-calcium (ASTM Class F) fly ash","volume":"12","author":"Malhotra","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cem. 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