{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:17:13Z","timestamp":1769213833033,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,24]],"date-time":"2019-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FEDER \u2013 Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020 \u2013 Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Portugal 2020, by Portuguese funds through FCT\/MCTES","award":["\u201cInstitute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences\u201d (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274), by Project Biotherapies (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012)."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cInstitute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences\u201d (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274), by Project Biotherapies (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012)."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scaffolds based on aligned and non-aligned poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA)\/polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers obtained by electrospinning, associated to electrosprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) for tissue engineering applications were developed and their performance was compared in terms of their morphology and biological and mechanical behaviors. The morphological results assessed by scanning electron microscopy showed a mesh of PLLA\/PCL fibers (random and perfectly aligned) associated with aggregates of nanophased HA. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry confirmed the homogeneity in the blends and the presence of nanoHA in the scaffold. As a result of fiber alignment a 15-fold increase in Young\u2019s Modulus and an 8-fold increase in tensile strength were observed when compared to non-aligned fibers. In PLLA\/PCL\/HA scaffolds, the introduction of nanoHA caused a remarkable improvement of the mechanical strength of this material acting as a reinforcement, enhancing the response of these constructs to tensile stress. In vitro testing was evaluated using osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells. The results showed that both fibrous scaffolds were able to support osteoblast cell adhesion and proliferation and that fiber alignment induced increased cellular metabolic activity. In addition, the adhesion and proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated and a lower number of colony forming units (CFUs) was obtained in the scaffolds with aligned fibers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12233879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,25]],"date-time":"2019-11-25T03:10:00Z","timestamp":1574651400000},"page":"3879","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Influence of PLLA\/PCL\/HA Scaffold Fiber Orientation on Mechanical Properties and Osteoblast Behavior"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1334-3312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian","family":"de Siqueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biocer\u00e2micas, Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, UNIFESP, 12231-280 S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos (SP), Brazil"}]},{"given":"Nilza","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEB\u2014Instituto de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Metal\u00fargica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5965-8630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria B. A.","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEB\u2014Instituto de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Metal\u00fargica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Grenho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, FMDUP, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE\u2014Universidade do Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6886-3900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassilda","family":"Cunha-Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, CBQF\u2014Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eliandra S.","family":"Trich\u00eas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biocer\u00e2micas, Instituto de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, UNIFESP, 12231-280 S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos (SP), Brazil"}]},{"given":"Maria H.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, FMDUP, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE\u2014Universidade do Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8018-4310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana R.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEB\u2014Instituto de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ISEP\u2014Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1361-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando J.","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INEB\u2014Instituto de Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Metal\u00fargica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zong, H., Xia, X., Liang, Y., Dai, S., Alsaedi, A., Hayat, T., Kong, F., and Pan, J.H. 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