{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T21:32:21Z","timestamp":1762896741871,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia of Portugal","award":["UID\/EMS\/50022\/2019 and PDTC\/EMS-TEC\/0626\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/EMS\/50022\/2019 and PDTC\/EMS-TEC\/0626\/2014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper is built upon the deformation-assisted joining of sheets to tubes, away from the tube ends, by means of a new process developed by the authors. The process is based on mechanical joining by means of form-fit joints that are obtained by annular squeezing (compression) of the sheet surfaces adjacent to the tubes. The concept is different from the fixing of sheets to tubes by applying direct loading on the tubes, as is currently done in existing deformation-assisted joining solutions. The process is carried out at room temperature and its development is a contribution towards ecological and sustainable manufacturing practices due to savings in material and energy consumption and to easier end-of-life disassembly and recycling when compared to alternative processes based on fastening, riveting, welding and adhesive bonding. The paper is focused on the main process parameters and special emphasis is put on sheet thickness, squeezing depth, and cross-section recess length of the punches. The presentation is supported by experimentation and finite element modelling, and results show that appropriate process parameters should ensure a compromise between the geometry of the mechanical interlocking and the pull-out strength of the new sheet\u2013tube connections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12233909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T10:57:27Z","timestamp":1574765847000},"page":"3909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Deformation-Assisted Joining of Sheets to Tubes by Annular Sheet Squeezing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Luis M.","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rafael M.","family":"Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Frederico L.R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2630-4593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo A.F.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C., Zhao, S., Han, X., Zhao, X., and Ishida, T. (2017). Experimental investigation on the joining of aluminum alloy sheets using improved clinching process. Materials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10080887"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C., Zhao, S., Han, X., Wang, Y., and Zhao, X. (2017). Investigation of flat clinching process combined with material forming technology for aluminum alloy. Materials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma10121433"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00e4ckel, M., Grimm, T., Niegsch, R., and Drossel, W.G. (2018). Overview of current challenges in self-pierce riveting of lightweight materials. 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