{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T02:43:55Z","timestamp":1775789035140,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXCL\/QEQ-MED\/0233\/2012, UID\/Multi\/04349\/2013; PTDC\/MED-QUI\/29649\/2017; UID\/QUI\/00313\/2013 and PEst-OE\/QUI\/UI0313\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXCL\/QEQ-MED\/0233\/2012, UID\/Multi\/04349\/2013; PTDC\/MED-QUI\/29649\/2017; UID\/QUI\/00313\/2013 and PEst-OE\/QUI\/UI0313\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiviy","award":["SAF2017-83043-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAF2017-83043-R"]}]},{"name":"Comunity of Madrid, FEDER","award":["S2017\/BMD-3688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2017\/BMD-3688"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are interesting for the design of new cancer theranostic tools, mainly due to their biocompatibility, easy molecular vectorization, and good biological half-life. Herein, we report a gold nanoparticle platform as a bimodal imaging probe, capable of coordinating Gd3+ for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and 67Ga3+ for Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging. Our AuNPs carry a bombesin analogue with affinity towards the gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPr), overexpressed in a variety of human cancer cells, namely PC3 prostate cancer cells. The potential of these multimodal imaging nanoconstructs was thoroughly investigated by the assessment of their magnetic properties, in vitro cellular uptake, biodistribution, and radiosensitisation assays. The relaxometric properties predict a potential T1- and T2- MRI application. The promising in vitro cellular uptake of 67Ga\/Gd-based bombesin containing particles was confirmed through biodistribution studies in tumor bearing mice, indicating their integrity and ability to target the GRPr. Radiosensitization studies revealed the therapeutic potential of the nanoparticles. Moreover, the DOTA chelating unit moiety versatility gives a high theranostic potential through the coordination of other therapeutically interesting radiometals. Altogether, our nanoparticles are interesting nanomaterial for theranostic application and as bimodal T1- and T2- MRI \/ SPECT imaging probes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13030513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T11:17:57Z","timestamp":1579691877000},"page":"513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Dual Imaging Gold Nanoplatforms for Targeted Radiotheranostics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia e Ci\u00eancias Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Paulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia e Ci\u00eancias Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Agn\u00e8s","family":"Pallier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Biophysique Mol\u00e9culaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orl\u00e9ans CEDEX 2, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3765-0889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"M\u00eame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Biophysique Mol\u00e9culaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orl\u00e9ans CEDEX 2, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3200-6752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9va","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Biophysique Mol\u00e9culaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orl\u00e9ans CEDEX 2, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7186-2060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lurdes","family":"Gano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia e Ci\u00eancias Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia e Ci\u00eancias Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos F.G.C.","family":"Geraldes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBIT\/ICNAS Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Nucleares Aplicadas \u00e0 Sa\u00fade. P\u00f3lo das Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M. Margarida C.A.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1629-4782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Research of the University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e1lia S.","family":"Jurado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Coimbra, Cal\u00e7ada Martim de Freitas, 3000-393 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5141-8736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"L\u00f3pez-Larrubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas \u201cAlberto Sols\u201d CSIC\/UAM, c\/ Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3865-4379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Lacerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Biophysique Mol\u00e9culaire, CNRS, UPR 4301, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orl\u00e9ans CEDEX 2, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2017-3358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Cabral Campello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia e Ci\u00eancias Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.117.199877","article-title":"Dual-Targeted Molecular Imaging of Cancer","volume":"59","author":"Ehlerding","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2019.02.002","article-title":"Molecular Imaging and Theranostics\u2014A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":"49","author":"Farolfi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00450","article-title":"Theranostics in Interventional Oncology: Versatile Carriers for Diagnosis and Targeted Image-Guided Minimally Invasive Procedures","volume":"10","author":"Degrauwe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, L., Wang, X., Gong, F., Liu, T., and Liu, Z. (2019). 2D Nanomaterials for Cancer Theranostic Applications. Adv. Mater.","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201902333"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seehra, M.S., and Bristow, A.D. (2018). Applications of Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Imaging and Treatment. Noble and Precious Metals\u2014Properties, Nanoscale Effects and Applications, Intechopen. Chapter 13.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.69142"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukherjee, A., Paul, M., and Mukherjee, S. (2019). Recent Progress in the Theranostics Application of Nanomedicine in Lung Cancer. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11050597"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mendes, M., Sousa, J.J., Pais, A., and Vitorino, C. (2018). Targeted Theranostic Nanoparticles for Brain Tumor Treatment. Pharmaceutics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10040181"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00073","article-title":"Nanomaterials for in vivo Imaging","volume":"117","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"328","article-title":"A Review on Targeted Drug Delivery: Its Entire Focus on Advanced Therapeutics and Diagnostics","volume":"2","author":"Rani","year":"2014","journal-title":"SJAMS"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6131","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S140772","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles enlighten the future of cancer theranostics","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.14.103","article-title":"Towards rational design of multifunctional theranostic nanoparticles: What barriers do we need to overcome","volume":"9","author":"Rajeeva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"T\u00f3th, E., Helm, L., and Merbach, A. (2013). The Chemistry of Contrast Agents in Medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.. Chapter 2."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-019-2608-5","article-title":"Biomedical Imaging: Principles, Technologies, Clinical Aspects, Contraste agents, limitations and future trends in Nanomedicines","volume":"36","author":"Wallyn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10491","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NR00267F","article-title":"The evolution of gadolinium based contrast agents: From single-modality to multi-modality","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"177","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents: A Review of Literature","volume":"2","author":"Sahraei","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Care"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance cancer imaging","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00363","article-title":"Chemistry of MRI Contrast Agents: Current Challenges and New Frontiers","volume":"119","author":"Wahsner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6960","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1701944114","article-title":"Enhancing T1 magnetic resonance imaging contrast with internalized gadolinium(III) in a multilayer nanoparticle","volume":"114","author":"Marangonia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Contrast Agents","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Clarke","year":"1999","journal-title":"Metallopharmaceuticals II, Topics in Biological Inorganic Chemistry"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"175","article-title":"Molecular Imaging in Oncology Using Positron Emission Tomography","volume":"115","author":"Derlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dtsch. Arztebl. Int."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers6041821","article-title":"Tomography (PET) in Oncology","volume":"6","author":"Gallamini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-014-0066-y","article-title":"PET quantification: Strategies for partial volume correction","volume":"2","author":"Bettinardi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Trans. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5837276","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5837276","article-title":"Gold Nanoparticles as X-Ray, CT, and Multimodal Imaging Contrast Agents: Formulation, Targeting, and Methodology","volume":"2018","author":"Mahan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u015eologan, M., Padelli, F., Giachetti, I., Aquino, D., Boccalon, M., Adami, G., Pengo, P., and Pasquato, L. (2019). Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents for Proton and Dual Proton\/Fluorine MRI. Nanomaterials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9060879"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2018.08.010","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles for radiosensitizing and imaging of cancer cells","volume":"152","author":"Borrana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10895","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201901820","article-title":"Polyfunctionalised Nanoparticles Bearing Robust Gadolinium Surface Units for High Relaxivity Performance in MRI","volume":"25","author":"Chabloz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eur. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201302303","article-title":"The in Vivo Radiosensitizing Effect of Gold Nanoparticles Based MRI Contrast Agents","volume":"10","author":"Miladi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"02TR01","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aa99ce","article-title":"Nanoparticle radio-enhancement: Principles, progress and application to cancer treatment","volume":"63","author":"Kuncic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"147","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles as cancer theranostic agents","volume":"6","author":"Rostami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanomed. J."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Effect of size on gold nanoparticles in radiation therapy: Uptake and survival effects","volume":"2","author":"Sah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nano Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silva, C.O., Pinho, J.O., Lopes, J.M., Almeida, A.J., Gaspar, M.M., and Reis, C. (2019). Current Trends in Cancer Nanotheranostics: Metallic Polymeric, and Lipid-Based Systems. Pharmaceutics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11010022"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-017-3882-y","article-title":"Implementation of nanoparticles in therapeutic radiation oncology","volume":"19","author":"Beeler","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, C., Bromma, K., Sung, W., Schuemann, J., and Chithrani, D. (2018). Determining the Radiation Enhancement Effects of Gold Nanoparticles in Cells in a Combined Treatment with Cisplatin and Radiation at Therapeutic Megavoltage Energies. Cancers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers10050150"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.22172","article-title":"Metal-based NanoEnhancers for Future Radiotherapy: Radiosensitizing and Synergistic Effects on Tumor Cells","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fauzia, R.P., Denkova, A.G., and Djanashvili, K. (2019). Potential of MRI in Radiotherapy Mediated by Small Conjugates and Nanosystems. Inorganics, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/inorganics7050059"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3202","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b00599","article-title":"Gd(III)-Dithiolane Gold Nanoparticles for T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Pancreas","volume":"16","author":"Holbrook","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2858","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b04406","article-title":"Nanomedicine for Spontaneous Brain Tumors: A Companion Clinical Trial","volume":"13","author":"Arami","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4269","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666171229141156","article-title":"Inorganic Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: A Transition from Lab to Clinic","volume":"25","author":"Bayda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.13098","article-title":"An overview of active and passive targeting strategies to improve the nanocarriers efficiency to tumour sites","volume":"71","author":"Attia","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"4","article-title":"Diagnostics and therapeutic application of gold nanoparticles","volume":"2","author":"Raghvendra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, P., Pandit, S., Mokkapati, V.R.S.S., Garg, A., Ravikumar, V., and Mijakovic, I. (2018). Gold Nanoparticles in Diagnostics and Therapeutics for Human Cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19071979"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-018-0863-4","article-title":"Recent Advances of Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications: State of the Art","volume":"77","author":"Aminabad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2017.03.014","article-title":"Applications of pHLIP Technology for Cancer Imaging and Therapy","volume":"35","author":"Wyatt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Depciuch, J., Stec, M., Maximenko, A., Pawlyta, M., Baran, J., and Parlinska-Wojtan, M. (2019). Control of Arms of Au Stars Size and its Dependent Cytotoxicity and Photosensitizer Effects in in Photothermal Anticancer Therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205011"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-019-0539-2","article-title":"Platinum\u2013gold nanoraspberries as effective photosensitizer in anticancer photothermal therapy","volume":"17","author":"Depciuch","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-019-04187-z","article-title":"Gold nanodahlias: Potential nanophotosensitizer in photothermal anticancer therapy","volume":"55","author":"Depciuch","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.36550","article-title":"An overview of nanoscale radionuclides and radiolabeled nanomaterials commonly used for nuclear molecular imaging and therapeutic functions","volume":"107","author":"Farzin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1002\/jlcr.3087","article-title":"Multifunctional targeted therapy system based on 99mTc\/177Lu-labeled gold nanoparticles-Tat(49\u201357)-Lys3-bombesin internalized in nuclei of prostate cancer cells","volume":"56","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Labelled Comp. Radiopharm."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.06.039","article-title":"Peptide-functionalized nanoparticles for selective targeting of pancreatic tumor","volume":"192","author":"Valetti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1021\/bc1000164","article-title":"Multifunctionalized gold nanoparticles with peptides targeted to gastrin-releasing peptide receptor of a tumor cell line","volume":"21","author":"Olmedo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8760","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002143107","article-title":"Bombesin functionalized gold nanoparticles show in vitro and in vivo cancer receptor specificity","volume":"107","author":"Chanda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14572","DOI":"10.1039\/C7DT00864C","article-title":"In vitro\/in vivo \u201cpeeling\u201d of multilayered aminocarboxylate gold nanoparticles evidenced by a kinetically stable Tc-99m-label","volume":"46","author":"Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.6b00102","article-title":"Interrogating the Role of Receptor-Mediated Mechanisms: Biological Fate of Peptide-Functionalized Radiolabeled Gold Nanoparticles in Tumor Mice","volume":"27","author":"Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/jlcr.3388","article-title":"A study of radiogallium aqueous chemistry: In vitro and in vivo characterisation of 67Ga-hydrolysed-stannous fluoride particles","volume":"59","author":"Tsopelas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Label Compd. Radiopharm"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2010.09.026","article-title":"Gemini surfactant dimethylene-1,2-bis(tetradecyldimethylammonium bromide)-based gene vectors: A biophysicalapproach to transfection efficiency","volume":"1808","author":"Cardoso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1002\/cmmi.110","article-title":"How to determine free Gd and free ligand in solution of Gd chelates. A technical note","volume":"1","author":"Barge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contrast Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.6b00389","article-title":"Gd(III)-Gold Nanoconjugates Provide Remarkable Cell Labeling for High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"28","author":"Rammohan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioconjugate Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/cmmi.265","article-title":"Classification and basic properties of contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"4","author":"Geraldes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contrast Media Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4016","DOI":"10.1039\/C4DT03210A","article-title":"Gold nanoparticles functionalised with fast water exchanging Gd3+ chelates: Linker effects on the relaxivity","volume":"44","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.11.021","article-title":"DNA-gadolinium-gold nanoparticles for in vivo T1 MR imaging of transplanted human neural stem cells","volume":"77","author":"Nicholls","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5080","DOI":"10.1021\/jp510656d","article-title":"Prototropic Exchange Governs T1 and T2 Relaxivities of a Potential MRI Contrast Agent Nanozeolite Gd\u2212LTL with a High pH Responsiveness","volume":"119","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.23789","article-title":"Surface impact on nanoparticle-based magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2017.07.007","article-title":"Radiosensitization by gold nanoparticles: Will they ever make it to the clinic?","volume":"124","author":"Cui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29678","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29678","article-title":"The High Radiosensitizing Efficiency of a Trace of Gadolinium-Based Nanoparticles in Tumors","volume":"6","author":"Dufort","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and safety of gold nanoparticle\/PKC Delta inhibitor peptide hybrid in rats","volume":"18","author":"Konoeda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.33263\/Materials11.013024","article-title":"Tailored Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Imaging and Therapy","volume":"1","author":"David","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Int."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-08-0016","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo targeting of hollow gold nanoshells directed at epidermal growth factor receptors for photothermal ablation therapy","volume":"7","author":"Melancon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.04.098","article-title":"Indium-111 labeled gold nanoparticles for in-vivo molecular targeting","volume":"35","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/13\/3\/513\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:30:01Z","timestamp":1760362201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/13\/3\/513"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["ma13030513"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma13030513","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]}}}