{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T01:27:09Z","timestamp":1772501229759,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010198","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de Espa\u00f1a","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MAT2016-76824-C3-2-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAT2016-76824-C3-2-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010198","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Base Funding - UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Base Funding - UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/QUI-QFI\/28020\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/QUI-QFI\/28020\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Very few economical and process engineering studies have been made concerning the scale-up and implementation of nanomagnetic particle manufacturing into a full-scale plant, and determination of its viability. In this work we describe such a study for two types of industrial plants, one for manufacturing magnetic particles for applications in the environmental area, and the other for manufacturing nanomagnetic particles for applications in the biotechnology area; the two different applications are compared. The following methodology was followed: establish the manufacturing process for each application; determine the market demand of the product (magnetic nanoparticles) for both applications; determine the production capacity of each plant; engineer all the manufacturing process, determining all the process units and performing all the mass and energy balances for both plants; scale-up the main equipment; and determine the global economic impact and profitability. At the end both plants are found to be technologically and economically viable, the characteristics of the final products being, however, quite different, as well as the process engineering, economic analysis, and scale-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13112477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T04:09:03Z","timestamp":1591070943000},"page":"2477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Upscale Design, Process Development, and Economic Analysis of Industrial Plants for Nanomagnetic Particle Production for Environmental and Biomedical Use"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3332-4226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo A.","family":"Augusto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Textil, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Ca\u00eddos, 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4359-0082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Castelo-Grande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7869-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Textil, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Ca\u00eddos, 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Textil, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Ca\u00eddos, 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Textil, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Ca\u00eddos, 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}]},{"given":"Angel M.","family":"Estevez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica y Textil, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Ca\u00eddos, 1-5, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6707-9775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domingos","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.05.135","article-title":"Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and their dispersions with special reference to applications in biomedicine and biotechnology (Review)","volume":"79","author":"Mehta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. 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