{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:02:38Z","timestamp":1760238158624,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This study reports the efficacy of two solvent mixtures on the dissolution of gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer, together with the cytotoxicity. Methods: Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), orange oil, tetrachloroethylene, MEK\/tetrachloroethylene (1:1), MEK\/orange oil (1:1), and chloroform (control) were tested. Twelve groups (n = 15) of standardized stainless-steel molds filled with softened gutta-percha cones and twelve (n = 15) filled with AH Plus were immersed in the corresponding mixture or individual solvent, in an ultrasonic bath, for either 2 or 5 min. The effect of the solvents was assessed qualitatively by a topographical analysis (scanning electron microscopy) and chemical analysis (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and quantitatively by a weight loss and viscoelastic property (dynamic mechanical analysis) evaluation. The cytotoxicity was assessed on MG63 human osteoblastic cells. Results: The mixtures did not show the formation of new compounds. Both presented significantly higher efficacies compared to their individual solvents, suggesting a synergistic effect. Their dissolution efficacy was similar to that of chloroform, showing high cytocompatibility. Conclusions: The proposed strategy, incorporating ultrasound agitation and profiting from the synergy of adequate solvents, might enhance root canal cleanliness allowing a single-step procedure to dissolve gutta-percha and the sealer remnants, while assuring cytocompatibility with the periapical tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13143237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T06:38:55Z","timestamp":1595313535000},"page":"3237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Efficacy and Cytotoxicity of Binary Mixtures as Root Canal Filling Solvents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9587-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CINTESIS, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Grenho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, U.Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5365-2123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, U.Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1991-9418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cristina","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Produ\u00e7\u00e3o e Sistemas da Escola de Engenharia, Centro ALGORITMI, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal."},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, U.Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Ascens\u00e3o","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, U.Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Metal\u00fargica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Pina-Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINTESIS, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Apical periodontitis and related risk factors: Cross-sectional study","volume":"56","author":"Carvalho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. 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