{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T10:23:58Z","timestamp":1776939838087,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Portland cement concrete is fragile in tension and it has numerous negative impacts on the environment. To deal with these issues, both fiber reinforcement and recycled materials can be utilized to manufacture sustainable and ductile concrete. In this study, the synergistic effects of high-performance mineral admixture silica fume and glass fiber reinforcement were investigated on the hardened properties of RC. For this purpose, two concrete mix families, namely, NC and RC were prepared. To understand the benefits of synergistic utilization of glass fiber and silica fume, in both NC and RC, 0.5% glass fiber was incorporated with three different levels of silica fume. i.e., 0%, 5%, and 10%. Both strength and permeability-related durability properties were investigated. Results revealed that combined incorporation of 0.5% fiber and 10% silica fume can help in the production of RC having better mechanical and durability performance compared to reference \u201cNC\u201d. Simultaneous incorporation of silica fume and glass fiber produces a combined effect greater than their individual effects on both mechanical and permeability properties of concrete. Silica fume plays a very dominant and positive role in the development of CS, WA, and CIPR of RC, whereas glass fiber plays a vital role in upgrading STS and FS of RC and whereas, with the addition of 0.5% glass fiber, RC can yield 8\u20139 times higher flexural toughness than that of the plain NC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13184112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T20:44:13Z","timestamp":1600289053000},"page":"4112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Enhancing the Hardened Properties of Recycled Concrete (RC) through Synergistic Incorporation of Fiber Reinforcement and Silica Fume"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2531-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Babar","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad\u2013Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Hawreen","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Highway Engineering Techniques, Erbil Technical Engineering College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil 44008, Kurdistan-Region, Iraq"},{"name":"Scientific Research and Development Center, Nawroz University, Duhok 42001, Kurdistan-Region, Iraq"},{"name":"CERIS, Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georresources Department, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Liaqat","family":"Ali Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Swedish College of Engineering and Technology, Wah Cantt 47060, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2429-4755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rawaz","family":"Kurda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Highway Engineering Techniques, Erbil Technical Engineering College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil 44008, Kurdistan-Region, Iraq"},{"name":"Scientific Research and Development Center, Nawroz University, Duhok 42001, Kurdistan-Region, Iraq"},{"name":"CERIS, Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georresources Department, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Hisham","family":"Hafez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8QH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1849-8869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hussein","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0357-585X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Multan 66000, Pakistan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.03.085","article-title":"Construction and demolition waste generation and properties of recycled aggregate concrete: A global perspective","volume":"186","author":"Akhtar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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