{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T19:25:54Z","timestamp":1768591554114,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Governing cohesive laws in mixed mode I+II loading of Pinus pinaster Ait. are directly identified by coupling the mixed mode bending test with full-field displacements measured at the crack tip by Digital Image Correlation (DIC). A sequence of mixed mode ratios is studied. The proposed data reduction relies on: (i) the compliance-based beam method for evaluating strain energy release rate; (ii) the local measurement of displacements to compute the crack tip opening displacement; and (iii) an uncoupled approach for the reconstruction of the cohesive laws and its mode I and mode II components. Quantitative parameters are extracted from the set of cohesive laws components in function of the global phase angle. Linear functions were adjusted to reflect the observed trends and the pure modes (I and II) fracture parameters were estimated by extrapolation. Results show that the obtained assessments agree with previous experimental measurements addressing pure modes (I and II) loadings on this wood species, which reveals the appropriateness of the proposed methodology to evaluate the cohesive law under mixed mode loading and its components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14020374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]],"date-time":"2021-01-14T11:39:14Z","timestamp":1610624354000},"page":"374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Direct Evaluation of Mixed Mode I+II Cohesive Laws of Wood by Coupling MMB Test with DIC"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CITAB, School of Science and Technology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Escola Superior de Tecnologia do Instituto Superior Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico de Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7836-4598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITAB, School of Science and Technology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITAB, School of Science and Technology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2151-3759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo","family":"de Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica e Gest\u00e3o Industrial, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-5093(01)01721-X","article-title":"Fracture characteristics of different wood species under mode I loading perpendicular to the grain","volume":"332","author":"Reiterer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mater. 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