{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T20:43:11Z","timestamp":1760647391837,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/116853\/2016","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032036","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032295","UIDB\/50011\/2020","UIDP\/50011\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/116853\/2016","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032036","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-032295","UIDB\/50011\/2020","UIDP\/50011\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-099668-BC22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-099668-BC22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland","award":["CPE\/098\/STAT-MN-AZ\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPE\/098\/STAT-MN-AZ\/20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Manganese-substituted 5 mol.% yttria-stabilized zirconia (5YSZ) was explored as a prospective material for protective interlayers between electrolyte and oxygen electrodes in reversible solid oxide fuel\/electrolysis cells. [(ZrO2)0.95(Y2O3)0.05]1\u2212x[MnOy]x (x = 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15) ceramics with cubic fluorite structure were sintered in air at 1600 \u00b0C. The characterization included X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)\/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry and dilatometry in controlled atmospheres, electrical conductivity measurements, and determination of oxygen-ion transference numbers by the electromotive force (EMF) technique. Mn-substituted 5YSZ solid solutions exhibit variable oxygen nonstoichiometry with manganese cations in a mixed 2+\/3+ oxidation state under oxidizing conditions. Substitution by manganese gradually increases the extent of oxygen content variation on thermal\/redox cycling, chemical contribution to thermal expansion and dimensional changes on reduction. It also deteriorates oxygen-ionic conductivity and improves p-type electronic conductivity under oxidizing conditions, leading to a gradual transformation from predominantly ionic to prevailing electronic transport with increasing x. Mn2+\/3+\u2192Mn2+ transformation under reducing atmospheres is accompanied by the suppression of electronic transport and an increase in ionic conductivity. All Mn-substituted 5YSZ ceramics are solid electrolytes under reducing conditions. Prolonged treatments in reducing atmospheres, however, promote microstructural changes at the surface of bulk ceramics and Mn exsolution. Mn-substituted 5YSZ with 0.05 \u2264 x &lt; 0.10 is considered the most suitable for the interlayer application, due to the best combination of relevant factors, including oxygen content variations, levels of ionic\/electronic conductivity and thermochemical expansion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14030641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]],"date-time":"2021-01-30T21:15:51Z","timestamp":1612041351000},"page":"641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductivity, Redox Behavior and Thermochemical Expansion of Mn-Substituted 5YSZ as an Interlayer Material for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5820-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Natoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2013Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7449-7553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanca I.","family":"Arias-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2013Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Felix-Hausdorff-Street 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4751-1767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Castell\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7988-3525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"\u017burawska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Power Engineering-Research Institute, Mory 8 Street, 01-330 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"CTH2-Center for Hydrogen Technologies, Institute of Power Engineering, August\u00f3wka 36 Street, 02-981 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8445-2562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge R.","family":"Frade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2013Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3837-5946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksey. A.","family":"Yaremchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO\u2013Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/ce\/zkz023","article-title":"Reversible solid-oxide cells for clean and sustainable energy","volume":"3","author":"Mogensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clean Energy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaba6118","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba6118","article-title":"Recent advances in solid oxide cell technology for electrolysis","volume":"370","author":"Hauch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17257","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cp52973h","article-title":"Life testing of LSM-YSZ composite electrodes under reversing-current operation","volume":"15","author":"Hughes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. 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