{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T02:55:00Z","timestamp":1768704900237,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00081\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00081\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UNIRCELL - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-16422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UNIRCELL - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-16422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/128129\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/128129\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fuel cells are emerging devices as clean and renewable energy sources, provided their efficiency is increased. In this work, we prepared nanocomposites based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), namely WS2 and MoS2, and evaluated their performance as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), relevant to fuel cells. The one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) building blocks were initially exfoliated and non-covalently functionalized by surfactants of opposite charge in aqueous media (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, TTAB, for the nanotubes and sodium cholate, SC, for the dichalcogenides), and thereafter, the three-dimensional (3D) MoS2@MWNT and WS2@MWNT composites were assembled via surfactant-mediated electrostatic interactions. The nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and structural differences were found. WS2@MWNT and MoS2@MWNT show moderate ORR performance with potential onsets of 0.71 and 0.73 V vs. RHE respectively, and diffusion-limiting current densities of \u22121.87 and \u22122.74 mA\u00b7cm\u22122, respectively. Both materials present, however, better tolerance to methanol crossover when compared to Pt\/C and good stability. Regarding OER performance, MoS2@MWNT exhibits promising results, with \u03b710 and jmax of 0.55 V and 17.96 mA\u00b7cm\u22122, respectively. The fabrication method presented here is cost-effective, robust and versatile, opening the doors for the optimization of electrocatalysts\u2019 performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14040896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T02:08:12Z","timestamp":1613268492000},"page":"896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Nanocomposites Prepared from Carbon Nanotubes and the Transition Metal Dichalcogenides WS2 and MoS2 via Surfactant-Assisted Dispersions as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reactions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Qu\u00edmica, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1771-0896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Qu\u00edmica, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1753-8678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5263-2737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana M.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eduardo F.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Qu\u00edmica, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B517","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad4998","article-title":"Combining theory and experiment in electrocatalysis: Insights into materials design","volume":"355","author":"Seh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5656","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201600977","article-title":"Nanostructured bifunctional redox electrocatalysts","volume":"12","author":"Kuang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201701926","article-title":"POM & MOF-based electrocatalysts for energy-related reactions","volume":"10","author":"Freire","year":"2018","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6376","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.8b00299","article-title":"Polyoxotungstate@ Carbon nanocomposites as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts","volume":"34","author":"Fernandes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2060","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00470A","article-title":"Design of electrocatalysts for oxygen- and hydrogen-involving energy conversion reactions","volume":"44","author":"Jiao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. 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