{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:02:56Z","timestamp":1760234576791,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article, a finite element (FE) thermal\u2013electrical model with a trunk-conical discharge channel is employed to simulate individual EDM discharges with a time-on of 18 \u03bcs up to 320 \u03bcs, which are subsequently compared with the experimental results to validate the model. The discharge channel is a trunk-conical electrical conductor which dissipates heat by the Joule heating effect, being the correspondent factor equal to 1. Instead of the usual copper\u2013iron electrode combination, steel (DIN CK45) and aluminium alloys (DIN 3.4365) are the implemented materials on both the tool and the workpiece, respectively. The numerical results were measured using the melting temperature of the materials as the boundary of material removal. The results obtained with the thermal\u2013electrical model, namely the tool wear ratio, the tool wear rate, the material removal rate, and the surface roughness, are in good agreement with experimental results, showing that the new FE model is capable of predicting accurately with different materials for the electrodes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14113038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T10:59:51Z","timestamp":1622717991000},"page":"3038","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Analysis of EDM Performance, through a Thermal\u2013Electrical Model with a Trunk-Conical Discharge Channel, Using a Steel Tool and an Aluminium Workpiece"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A. S.","family":"Almacinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alice M. G.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7156-3594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duarte A.","family":"Maciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo J. M.","family":"Seca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9173-0962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 D. R.","family":"Marafona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6955(03)00162-7","article-title":"State of the art electrical discharge machining (EDM)","volume":"43","author":"Ho","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Mach. 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