{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T03:44:45Z","timestamp":1775274285795,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ferroelectric ceramics (BaTiO3_MnO2) with different Mn admixtures were prepared using solid-state synthesis. Elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and impedance spectroscopy confirmed that the BaTiO3 and MnO2 coexisted in the ceramics. In addition, the high purity and homogeneity of the element distributions in the ceramic samples were confirmed. The adsorptive and photocatalytic properties of the BaTiO3 (reference sample, BTO) and BaTiO3_MnO2 materials (BTO_x, where x is wt.% of MnO2 and x = 1, 2 or 3, denoted as BTO_1, BTO_2 and BTO_3, respectively) were evaluated using Rhodamine B (RhB) as the model dye in a photocatalytic chamber equipped with a UV lamp (15 W) in the absence of additional oxidants and (co)catalysts. No adsorption of RhB dye was found for all the materials during 360 min (dark experiment). All samples were photocatalytically active, and the best results were observed for the BTO_3 material, where RhB was 70% removed from aqueous solution during 360 min of irradiation. The photodegradation of RhB in the presence of MnO2-modified BTO ceramics followed a pseudo-first order model and the rate constant of BTO_3 was about 10 times higher than that of BTO, 2 times that of BTO_2, and 1.5 times that of BTO_1. The photocatalysts could be successfully reused after thermal activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14123152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T12:08:55Z","timestamp":1623154135000},"page":"3152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Evaluation of Rhodamine B Photocatalytic Degradation over BaTiO3-MnO2 Ceramic Materials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Iwona","family":"Ku\u017aniarska-Biernacka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8823-9619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Garbarz-Glos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University, Podchor\u0105\u017cych 2, 30-084 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Technology, The Jan Grodek State University in Sanok, 6 Reymonta Str., 38-500 Sanok, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8678-5256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Skiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, \u017beromskiego 116, 90-924 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6094-0748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waldemar","family":"Maniukiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, \u017beromskiego 116, 90-924 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"B\u0105k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology, Pedagogical University, Podchor\u0105\u017cych 2, 30-084 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}]},{"given":"Maija","family":"Antonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga 8, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6849-6802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana L. H.","family":"Rebelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1753-8678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Freire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s\/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.05.071","article-title":"A review of visible light-active photocatalysts for water disinfection: Features and prospects","volume":"373","author":"You","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. 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