{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T02:29:48Z","timestamp":1771727388459,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome has been considered an innovative therapeutic biological approach, able to modulate cellular crosstalk and functionality for enhanced tissue repair and regeneration. This study aims to evaluate the functionality of the secretome isolated from periosteum-derived MSCs, from either basal or osteogenic-induced conditions, in the healing of a critical size calvarial bone defect in the rabbit model. A bioceramic xenograft was used as the vehicle for secretome delivery, and the biological response to the established biocomposite system was assessed by clinical, histological, histomorphometric, and microtomographic analysis. A comparative analysis revealed that the osteogenic-induced secretome presented an increased diversity of proteins, with emphasis on those related to osteogenesis. Microtomographic and histological morphometric analysis revealed that bioceramic xenografts implanted with secretomes enhanced the new bone formation process, with the osteogenic-induced secretome inducing the highest bone tissue formation. The application of the MSC secretome, particularly from osteogenic-induced populations, may be regarded as an effective therapeutic approach to enhance bone tissue healing and regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14133512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T04:24:36Z","timestamp":1624508676000},"page":"3512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Assessment of the Bone Healing Process Mediated by Periosteum-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells\u2019 Secretome and a Xenogenic Bioceramic\u2014An In Vivo Study in the Rabbit Critical Size Calvarial Defect Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4711-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mindaugas","family":"Pranskunas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"32:Balti Dental Clinic, LT-09235 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5440-3591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egidijus","family":"\u0160imoli\u016bnas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Center, Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Milda","family":"Alksne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences Center, Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6910-1705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BoneLab\u2014Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE\u2014U. Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5365-2123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Sousa","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BoneLab\u2014Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE\u2014U. Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Algirdas","family":"Puisys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vilnius Implantology Center, LT-03162 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Vilnius Research Group, LT-02233 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Algirdas","family":"Kaupinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saul\u0117tekio av. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"}]},{"given":"Gintaras","family":"Juodzbalys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3727\/096368913X675728","article-title":"Recent Advances in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Immunomodulation: The Role of Microvesicles","volume":"24","author":"Fierabracci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Transplant."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240600855905","article-title":"Minimal Criteria for Defining Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. 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