{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T04:31:41Z","timestamp":1768537901658,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project UIDB\/00100\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project UIDB\/00100\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2015\/03965-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2015\/03965-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2018\/23934-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2018\/23934-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Considering the role of magnesium in bone metabolism and the increasing relevance of plant-mediated green-synthesis, this work compares the bone cytocompatibility of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (NPs) produced by using pure water, Mg(OH)2, or a rosehip (RH) aqueous extract, Mg(OH)2RH. The NPs were evaluated for dose- and time-dependent effects on human osteoblastic and osteoclastic response, due to the direct involvement of the two cell types in bone metabolism. Mg(OH)2 NPs presented nanoplatelet-like morphology (mean diameter ~90 nm) and a crystalline structure (XRD analysis); the RH-mediated synthesis yielded smaller rounded particles (mean diameter &lt;10 nm) with decreased crystallinity. On the ATR\u2013FTIR spectra, both NPs presented the characteristic Mg-OH peaks; Mg(OH)2RH exhibited additional vibration bands associated with the presence of phytochemicals. On osteoblastic cells, NPs did not affect cell growth and morphology but significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity; on osteoclastic cells, particles had little effect in protein content, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, percentage of multinucleated cells, and cell area. However, compared with Mg(OH)2, Mg(OH)2RH increased osteoblastic differentiation by inducing ALP activity and promoting the expression of Runx2, SP7, Col1a1, and ALP, and had a negative effect on the expression of the osteoclastic genes NFATC1, CA2, and CTSK. These observations suggest the potential usefulness of Mg(OH)2RH NPs in bone regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14154172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T12:18:31Z","timestamp":1627388311000},"page":"4172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Rosehip Extract-Functionalized Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles and Its Effect on Osteoblastic and Osteoclastic Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1584-229X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Costa","family":"Pinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4507-5148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thais Francini","family":"Garbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Grenho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9679-4022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta M.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5365-2123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Sousa Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0405-3500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Ferreira","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8567-0032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"EST Set\u00fabal, CDP2T, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Campus IPS, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Cola\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV\u2014Animal and Veterinary Research Centre UTAD, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2007.048868","article-title":"The cell biology of bone metabolism","volume":"61","author":"Datta","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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