{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T14:34:24Z","timestamp":1775572464558,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich panels are manufactured with two thin high-strength steel plates and a moderately low-density and low-strength thick concrete core. In this study, 24 specimens were produced and tested. In these specimens, a new stud-bolt connector was used to regulate its shear behaviour in sandwich panels. The bolts\u2019 diameter, concrete core\u2019s thickness and bolts\u2019 spacing were the parameters under analysis. Furthermore, the concrete core was manufactured with normal-strength concrete and steel fibres concrete (SFC). Steel fibres were added at 1% by volume. In addition, the recycled coarse aggregate was used at 100% in terms of mass instead of natural coarse aggregate. Therefore, the ultimate bearing capability and slip of the sandwich panels were recorded, and the failure mode and ductility index of the specimens were evaluated. A new formula was also established to determine the shear strength of SCS panels with this kind of connectors. According to this study, increasing the diameter of the stud-bolts or using SFC in sandwich panels improve their shear strength and ductility ratio.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14185185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T12:20:37Z","timestamp":1631190037000},"page":"5185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Experimental Investigation on the Shear Behaviour of Stud-Bolt Connectors of Steel-Concrete-Steel Fibre-Reinforced Recycled Aggregates Sandwich Panels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Arash","family":"Karimipour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) and the Member of Center for Transportation Infrastructure Systems (CTIS), El Paso, TX 79968, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1667-7812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansour","family":"Ghalehnovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948944, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8620-4159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Golmohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh 9516168595, Iran"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6766-2736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"de Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georresources, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"USEPA (2019). 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