{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T19:09:07Z","timestamp":1768417747729,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FI1720\/7-1, GR1664\/13-1, PE1464\/6-1, VO829\/13-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI1720\/7-1, GR1664\/13-1, PE1464\/6-1, VO829\/13-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carbon fiber reinforcement used in concrete has become a remarkable alternative to steel fibers. Admixing short fibers to fresh concrete and processing the material with a 3D printer leads to an orientation of fibers and a material with high uniaxial strength properties, which offers an economic use of fibers. To investigate its mechanical behavior, the material is subjected to flexural and tensional tests, combining several measuring techniques. Numerical analysis complements this research. Computed tomography is used with several post-processing algorithms for separating matrix and fibers. This helps to validate fiber alignment and serves as input data for numerical analysis with representative volume elements concatenating real fiber position and orientation with the three-dimensional stress tensor. Flexural and uniaxial tensional tests are performed combining multiple measuring techniques. Next to conventional displacement and strain measuring methods, sound emission analysis, in terms of quantitative event analysis and amplitude appraisal, and also high-resolution digital image correlation accompany the tests. Due to the electrical conductibility of carbon fibers, the material\u2019s resistivity could be measured during testing. All sensors detect the material\u2019s degradation behavior comparably, showing a strain-hardening effect, which results from multiple, yet locally restricted and distributed, microcracks arising in combination with plastic deformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14227005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T08:29:17Z","timestamp":1637310557000},"page":"7005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluation of the Behavior of Carbon Short Fiber Reinforced Concrete (CSFRC) Based on a Multi-Sensory Experimental Investigation and a Numerical Multiscale Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Philipp","family":"Lauff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Concrete and Masonry Structures, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5243-8475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Polina","family":"Pugacheva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Destructive Testing, Technical University of Munich, 81245 Munich, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2002-9014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Rutzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solid State and Materials Chemistry, University of Augsburg, 86152 Augsburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Wei\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit Applied Analysis, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Concrete and Masonry Structures, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Volkmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solid State and Materials Chemistry, University of Augsburg, 86152 Augsburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6107-9806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malte A.","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit Applied Analysis, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7956-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian U.","family":"Grosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Destructive Testing, Technical University of Munich, 81245 Munich, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-3538(96)00072-3","article-title":"Effects of fiber length and fiber orientation distributions on the tensile strength of short-fiber-reinforced polymers","volume":"56","author":"Fu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Compos. 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