{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:38:02Z","timestamp":1760236682578,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003566","name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20200555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003566","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we experimentally analyzed the deformation shape of stacked layers developed using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The nozzle traveling speed was changed to 80, 90, 100, and 110 mm\/s when printing the layers to analyze its effect on layer deformation. Furthermore, the cross-sectional area and the number of layers were analyzed by printing five layers with overall dimensions of 1000 (w) \u00d7 2200 (l) \u00d7 50 (h) mm (each layer was 10 mm high) using Vernier calipers. Moreover, we analyzed the interface and cross-sectional area of layers that are difficult to confirm visually using X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) analysis. As a result of measuring the deformation at the center of the layer, it was confirmed that the deformation was greater for lower nozzle traveling speeds. Consequently, the X-ray CT analysis verified that the layer had the same cross-sectional area irrespective of the layer printing order at the same nozzle travel speed, even if the layer was deformed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14247764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T21:47:36Z","timestamp":1639604856000},"page":"7764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["X-ray CT Analysis of the Cross-Section of a 3D-Printed Deformed Layer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1424-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho-Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology Daehwa-Dong, Goyang-si 10223, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}]},{"given":"Eun-A","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology Daehwa-Dong, Goyang-si 10223, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}]},{"given":"Won-Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology Daehwa-Dong, Goyang-si 10223, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4071-4943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Mo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jae-Heum","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Engineering Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology Daehwa-Dong, Goyang-si 10223, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2021.02.022","article-title":"The role of additive manufacturing for biomedical applications: A critical review","volume":"64","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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KCI-CT115."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/14\/24\/7764\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:49:02Z","timestamp":1760168942000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/14\/24\/7764"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ma14247764"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma14247764","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1996-1944"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]}}}