{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T10:29:56Z","timestamp":1774607396434,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NAWA-Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej","award":["PPN\/ULM\/2020\/1\/00125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PPN\/ULM\/2020\/1\/00125"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020","award":["734205\u2013H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["734205\u2013H2020-MSCA-RISE-2016"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID-B\/05256\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID-B\/05256\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID-P\/05256\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID-P\/05256\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Given the global economic and societal importance of the polymer industry, the continuous search for improvements in the various processing techniques is of practical primordial importance. This review evaluates the application of optimization methodologies to the main polymer processing operations. The most important characteristics related to the usage of optimization techniques, such as the nature of the objective function, the type of optimization algorithm, the modelling approach used to evaluate the solutions, and the parameters to optimize, are discussed. The aim is to identify the most important features of an optimization system for polymer processing problems and define the best procedure for each particular practical situation. For this purpose, the state of the art of the optimization methodologies usually employed is first presented, followed by an extensive review of the literature dealing with the major processing techniques, the discussion being completed by considering both the characteristics identified and the available optimization methodologies. This first part of the review focuses on extrusion, namely single and twin-screw extruders, extrusion dies, and calibrators. It is concluded that there is a set of methodologies that can be confidently applied in polymer processing with a very good performance and without the need of demanding computation requirements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15010384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T01:14:02Z","timestamp":1641518042000},"page":"384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Optimization of Polymer Processing: A Review (Part I\u2014Extrusion)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7777-7625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Gaspar-Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, 4804-533 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0790-5801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Covas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Polymers and Composites, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, 4804-533 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Janusz","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Technology and Polymer Processing, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, May 18). 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