{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:17:39Z","timestamp":1770895059282,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]],"date-time":"2022-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work aims to determine the orthotropic linear elastic constitutive parameters of Pinus pinaster Ait. wood from a single uniaxial compressive experimental test, under quasi-static loading conditions, based on two different specimen configurations: (a) on-axis rectangular specimens oriented on the radial-tangential plane, (b) off-axis specimens with a grain angle of about 60\u00b0 (radial-tangential plane). Using digital image correlation (DIC), full-field displacement and strain maps are obtained and used to identify the four orthotropic elastic parameters using the finite element model updating (FEMU) technique. Based on the FE data, a synthetic image reconstruction approach is proposed by coupling the inverse identification method with synthetically deformed images, which are then processed by DIC and compared with the experimental results. The proposed methodology is first validated by employing a DIC-levelled FEA reference in the identification procedure. The impact of the DIC setting parameters on the identification results is systematically investigated. This influence appears to be stronger when the parameter is less sensitive to the experimental setup used. When using on-axis specimen configuration, three orthotropic parameters of Pinus pinaster (ER, ET and \u03bdRT) are correctly identified, while the shear modulus (GRT) is robustly identified when using off-axis specimen configuration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15020625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T20:45:21Z","timestamp":1642365921000},"page":"625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Identification of Orthotropic Elastic Properties of Wood by a Synthetic Image Approach Based on Digital Image Correlation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7037-5770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Henriques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7836-4598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3988-5606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Andrade-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2009). 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