{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T18:25:58Z","timestamp":1777573558177,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"CENIMAT\/i3N","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50025\/2020-2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50025\/2020-2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A multimethod study was conducted to assess the differences between original (PG-OR) and counterfeit (PG-CF) ProGlider instruments regarding design, metallurgical features, and mechanical performance. Seventy PG-OR and PG-CF instruments (n = 35 per group) were evaluated regarding the number of spirals, helical angles, and measuring line position by stereomicroscopy, while blade symmetry, cross-section geometry, tip design, and surface were assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to identify element ratio and phase transformation temperatures, while cyclic fatigue, torsional, and bending testing were employed to assess their mechanical performance. An unpaired t-test and nonparametric Mann\u2013Whitney U test were used to compare instruments at a significance level of 5%. Similarities were observed in the number of spirals, helical angles, blade symmetry, cross-sectional geometries, and nickel\u2013titanium ratios. Measuring lines were more reliable in the original instrument, while differences were noted in the geometry of the tips (sharper tip for the original and rounded for the counterfeit) and surface finishing with PG-CF presenting more surface irregularities. PG-OR showed significantly more time to fracture (118 s), a higher angle of rotation (440\u00b0), and a lower maximum bending load (146.3 gf) (p &lt; 0.05) than PG-CF (p &lt; 0.05); however, maximum torque was similar for both instruments (0.4 N.cm) (p &gt; 0.05). Although the tested instruments had a similar design, the original ProGlider showed superior mechanical behavior. The results of counterfeit ProGlider instruments were unreliable and can be considered unsafe for glide path procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15113971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T11:05:02Z","timestamp":1654167902000},"page":"3971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multimethod Assessment of Design, Metallurgical, and Mechanical Characteristics of Original and Counterfeit ProGlider Instruments"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6932-2038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge N. R.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Orais e Biom\u00e9dicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria Baseada na Evid\u00eancia (CEMDBE), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Implantologia, 1070-064 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6445-8243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel J. N. L.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro 21210-623, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24220-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1966-8281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duarte","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Orais e Biom\u00e9dicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria Baseada na Evid\u00eancia (CEMDBE), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Implantologia, 1070-064 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"LIBPhys-FCT UID\/FIS\/04559\/2013, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Arantes-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"LIBPhys-FCT UID\/FIS\/04559\/2013, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOMAT, Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Orais e Biom\u00e9dicas (UICOB), FMDUL, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5114-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Ginjeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Orais e Biom\u00e9dicas (UICOB), Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5544-3744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Caram\u00eas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Implantologia, 1070-064 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"LIBPhys-FCT UID\/FIS\/04559\/2013, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francisco M.","family":"Braz Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENIMAT\/I3N, Department of Materials Science, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5277-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco A.","family":"Versiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Specialty Center, Brazilian Military Police, Belo Horizonte 30350-190, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"The endodontic glidepath: \u201csecret to rotary safety\u201d","volume":"29","author":"West","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dent. 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