{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T02:59:38Z","timestamp":1772247578811,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Program","award":["075-03-2021-287\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-03-2021-287\/6"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Program","award":["42-01-09\/169\/2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42-01-09\/169\/2021-4"]}]},{"name":"Sevastopol State University","award":["075-03-2021-287\/6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-03-2021-287\/6"]}]},{"name":"Sevastopol State University","award":["42-01-09\/169\/2021-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42-01-09\/169\/2021-4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Herein, we investigated the effect of the support modification (Sibunit carbon) with diazonium salts of Pd and Pd-Au catalysts on furfural hydrogenation under 5 bars of H2 and 50 \u00b0C. To this end, the surface of Sibunit (Cp) was modified with butyl (Cp-Butyl), carboxyl (Cp-COOH) and amino groups (Cp-NH2) using corresponding diazonium salts. The catalysts were synthesized by the sol immobilization method. The catalysts as well as the corresponding supports were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Hammet indicator method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The analysis of the results allowed us to determine the crucial influence of surface chemistry on the catalytic behavior of the studied catalysts, especially regarding selectivity. At the same time, the structural, textural, electronic and acid\u2013base properties of the catalysts were practically unaffected. Thus, it can be assumed that the modification of Sibunit with various functional groups leads to changes in the hydrophobic\/hydrophilic and\/or electrostatic properties of the surface, which influenced the selectivity of the process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15134695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]],"date-time":"2022-07-04T20:59:18Z","timestamp":1656968358000},"page":"4695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Effect of Sibunit Carbon Surface Modification with Diazonium Tosylate Salts of Pd and Pd-Au Catalysts on Furfural Hydrogenation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Dmitrii","family":"German","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av. 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5150-6787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Kolobova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av. 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2842-2542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Pakrieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av. 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9913-4671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia A. C.","family":"Carabineiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Qu\u00edmica, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8643-3987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizaveta","family":"Sviridova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av. 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Perevezentsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Petroleum Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Akademichesky Av. 4, 634021 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"given":"Shahram","family":"Alijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, via Camillo Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8656-6256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, via Camillo Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8227-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Prati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, via Camillo Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9713-1290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Postnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av. 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0929-3535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Bogdanchikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ensenada 22800, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9034-4733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexey","family":"Pestryakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av. 30, 634050 Tomsk, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Catalytic and Biomedical Technologies, Sevastopol State University, 299053 Sevastopol, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Inagaki, M., Kang, F., Toyoda, M., and Konno, H. (2013). Advanced Materials Science and Engineering of Carbon, Butterworth-Heinemann."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubozono, Y. (2019). Physics and Chemistry of Carbon-Based Materials: Basics and Applications, Springer Nature Singapore Pte. Ltd.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-3417-7"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.9b04217","article-title":"Carbon-based single-atom catalysts for advanced applications","volume":"10","author":"Gawande","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beguin, F., and Frackowiak, E. (2009). Structure and texture of carbon materials. Carbons for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Systems, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420055405"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-020-01084-9","article-title":"Environmental applications of carbon-based materials: A Review","volume":"19","author":"Gopinath","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"6","article-title":"Grand Challenges in carbon-based materials research","volume":"1","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Mater."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-860X(98)00184-7","article-title":"Carbons as supports for industrial precious metal catalysts","volume":"173","author":"Auer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. A Gen."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2991(99)80012-3","article-title":"Preparation of catalyst supports, zeolites and mesoporous materials","volume":"Volume 123","author":"Moulijn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2991(99)80013-5","article-title":"Preparation of supported catalysts","volume":"Volume 123","author":"Moulijn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1134\/S1070363207120353","article-title":"New fields in the technology for manufacturing carbon-carbon materials. Application of carbon-carbon materials","volume":"77","author":"Surovikin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Russ. J. Gen. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rod\u0155\u00edguez-Reinoso, F., and Se\u1e55ulveda-Escribano, A. (2008). Carbon as catalyst support. Carbon Materials for Catalysis, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470403709.ch4"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rehman, A., Park, M., and Park, S.J. (2019). Current progress on the surface chemical modification of carbonaceous materials. Coatings, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings9020103"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4143","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cs00179a","article-title":"Aryl diazonium salts: A new class of coupling agents for bonding polymers, biomacromolecules and nanoparticles to surfaces","volume":"40","author":"Mangeney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19098","DOI":"10.1021\/jp504040d","article-title":"Tailoring the surface chemistry of gold nanorods through Au-C\/Ag-C covalent bonds using aryl diazonium salts","volume":"118","author":"Ahmad","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2015.05.030","article-title":"Advances on the use of diazonium chemistry for functionalization of materials used in energy storage systems","volume":"92","author":"Assresahegn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3961","DOI":"10.1021\/ol8013528","article-title":"Unusually stable, versatile, and pure arene diazonium tosylates: Their preparation, structures, and synthetic applicability","volume":"10","author":"Filimonov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8897","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.1c00884","article-title":"Conceptual developments of aryldiazonium salts as modifiers for gold colloids and surfaces","volume":"37","author":"Ahmad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bensgha\u00efer, A., Mousli, F., Lamouri, A., Postnikov, P.S., and Chehimi, M.M. (2020). The Molecular and Macromolecular Level of Carbon Nanotube Modification Via Diazonium Chemistry: Emphasis on the 2010s Years, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/s42250-020-00144-5"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"German, D., Pakrieva, E., Kolobova, E., Carabineiro, S.A.C., Stucchi, M., Villa, A., Prati, L., Bogdanchikova, N., Corber\u00e1n, V.C., and Pestryakov, A. (2021). Oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural on supported Ag, Au, Pd and bimetallic Pd-Au catalysts: Effect of the support. Catalysts, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/catal11010115"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2008.06.015","article-title":"N-doped carbon nanotubes for liquid-phase C=C bond hydrogenation","volume":"138","author":"Amadou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18579","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NJ03820B","article-title":"Enhancing the selectivity of Pd\/C catalysts for the direct synthesis of H2O2 by HNO3 pretreatment","volume":"44","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022176909660","article-title":"Gold on carbon: Influence of support properties on catalyst activity in liquid-phase oxidation","volume":"85","author":"Bianchi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Catal. Lett."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SE00681H","article-title":"Sustainable energy & fuels selective hydrogenation of furfural to tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol over a rh-loaded carbon catalyst in aqueous solution under mild conditions","volume":"4","author":"Matsagar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Energy Fuels"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3988","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5b00586","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into metal lewis acid-mediated catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural to 2-Methylfuran","volume":"5","author":"Gilkey","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EE02666K","article-title":"Environmental science molecule for the synthesis of chemicals and fuels","volume":"9","author":"Mariscal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11023","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00134","article-title":"How catalysts and experimental conditions determine the selective hydroconversion of furfural and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural","volume":"118","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CY01650A","article-title":"Pd-Ru\/TiO2 catalyst\u2014An active and selective catalyst for furfural hydrogenation","volume":"6","author":"Aldosari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Catal. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.06.015","article-title":"One-step hydrogenation-esterification of furfural and acetic acid over bifunctional Pd catalysts for bio-oil upgrading","volume":"102","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2019.06.032","article-title":"Highly dispersed Pd catalysts supported on various carbons for furfural hydrogenation","volume":"350","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcat.2018.09.025","article-title":"Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural to furfuryl alcohol over in-situ prepared nano Cu-Pd\/C catalyst using formic acid as hydrogen source","volume":"368","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6957","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b00801","article-title":"Total hydrogenation of furfural over Pd\/Al2O3 and Ru\/ZrO2 mixture under mild conditions: Essential role of tetrahydrofurfural as an intermediate and support effect","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s11144-018-1505-y","article-title":"Aqueous-phase hydrogenation of furfural over supported palladium catalysts: Effect of the support on the reaction routes","volume":"126","author":"Mironenko","year":"2019","journal-title":"React. Kinet. Mech. Catal."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.03.016","article-title":"SERS platform for detection of lipids and disease markers prepared using modification of plasmonic-active gold gratings by lipophilic moieties","volume":"265","author":"Guselnikova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2016.12.040","article-title":"Surface modification of Au and Ag Plasmonic thin films via diazonium chemistry: Evaluation of structure and properties","volume":"516","author":"Guselnikova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14027","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.6b01549","article-title":"Selectivity control in palladium-catalyzed alcohol oxidation through selective blocking of active sites","volume":"120","author":"Campisi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3918","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA06953F","article-title":"Palladium nanoparticles in catalytic carbon nanoreactors: The effect of confinement on Suzuki-Miyaura reactions","volume":"3","author":"Cornelio","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"40","article-title":"Catalysts based on carbon material \u201csibunit\u201d for the deep oxidation of organic toxicants in water solutions. Aerobic oxidation of phenol in the presence of oxidized carbon and Ru\/C catalysts","volume":"1","author":"Taran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Katal. V Promyshlennosti"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8826","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2015.1025851","article-title":"Synthesized multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a potential adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye: Kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics","volume":"57","author":"Selen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2019.04.012","article-title":"Multi-carbonyl molecules immobilized on high surface area carbon by diazonium chemistry for energy storage applications","volume":"308","author":"Delaporte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1021\/la702556n","article-title":"Spontaneous functionalization of carbon black by reaction with 4-Nitrophenyldiazonium cations","volume":"24","author":"Toupin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2009.11.052","article-title":"Chemical modifications of carbon powders with aminophenyl and cyanophenyl groups and a study of their reactivity","volume":"48","author":"Lyskawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6413","DOI":"10.1039\/C5SC01424G","article-title":"Atomic-scale identification of Pd leaching in nanoparticle catalyzed C-C coupling: Effects of particle surface disorder","volume":"6","author":"Briggs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11144-010-0261-4","article-title":"Computational study of the adsorption of molecular hydrogen on PdAg, PdAu, PtAg, and PtAu dimers","volume":"102","author":"Matczak","year":"2011","journal-title":"React. Kinet. Mech. Catal."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2009.01.035","article-title":"Investigation of palladium interaction with cerium oxide and its state in catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation","volume":"144","author":"Boronin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2005.10.003","article-title":"The role of alkali-metal promotion on CO oxidation over PdO\/SnO2 catalysts","volume":"299","author":"Mirkelamoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. A Gen."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6622(91)80276-T","article-title":"Platinum and palladium hydrosols: Characterisation by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy","volume":"60","author":"Mucalo","year":"1991","journal-title":"Colloids Surf."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2009.07.011","article-title":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of Pd oxidation by RF discharge in oxygen","volume":"255","author":"Kibis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81831","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA14461B","article-title":"Enhanced reduction of graphene oxide by high-pressure hydrothermal treatment","volume":"5","author":"Gryglewicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1134\/S002315841406007X","article-title":"Role of the support in the formation of the properties of a Pd\/Al2O3 catalyst for the low-temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide","volume":"55","author":"Ivanova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kinet. Catal."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01312762","article-title":"Core-electron binding energies in free and supported metal clusters","volume":"66","author":"Wertheim","year":"1987","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Phys. B Condens. Matter"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15309","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA00123A","article-title":"Nanosizing Pd on 3D porous carbon frameworks as effective catalysts for selective phenylacetylene hydrogenation","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.05.051","article-title":"One-pot synthesis of robust superhydrophobic, functionalized graphene\/polyurethane sponge for effective continuous oil-water separation","volume":"302","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2006.11.019","article-title":"Characterization of surface oxygen complexes on carbon nanofibers by TPD, XPS and FT-IR","volume":"45","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2019.07.008","article-title":"Nitrogen-doped graphite encapsulated Fe\/Fe3C nanoparticles and carbon black for enhanced performance towards oxygen reduction","volume":"35","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.04.030","article-title":"Green fabrication of cellulose\/graphene composite in ionic liquid and its electrochemical and photothermal properties","volume":"299","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S1452-3981(23)15037-1","article-title":"Electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH on graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide modified screen-printed electrode","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Electrochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1080\/1536383X.2020.1794851","article-title":"A Review on C1s XPS-spectra for some kinds of carbon materials","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fuller. Nanotub. Carbon Nanostructures"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P329","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0181806jss","article-title":"Investigation of InAlN layers surface reactivity after thermal annealings: A complete XPS study for HEMT","volume":"7","author":"Bourlier","year":"2018","journal-title":"ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2020.02.065","article-title":"Deconvoluting the XPS spectra for nitrogen-doped chars: An analysis from first principles","volume":"162","author":"Ayiania","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"020010","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5122029","article-title":"Effect of the conditions for the aqueous-phase hydrogenation of furfural over Pd\/C catalysts on the reaction routes","volume":"2141","author":"Mironenko","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2018.12.036","article-title":"The liquid phase catalytic hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol","volume":"329","author":"Salnikova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Catal. Today"}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/15\/13\/4695\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:42:40Z","timestamp":1760139760000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/15\/13\/4695"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["ma15134695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma15134695","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,4]]}}}