{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:29:16Z","timestamp":1772252956516,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/FIS\/04650\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/FIS\/04650\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/FIS\/04650\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/FIS\/04650\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/NAN-MAT\/0098\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/NAN-MAT\/0098\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"E-Field\u2014\u201cElectric-Field Engineered Lattice Distortions (E-FiELD)","award":["UID\/FIS\/04650\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/FIS\/04650\/2013"]}]},{"name":"E-Field\u2014\u201cElectric-Field Engineered Lattice Distortions (E-FiELD)","award":["UID\/FIS\/04650\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/FIS\/04650\/2019"]}]},{"name":"E-Field\u2014\u201cElectric-Field Engineered Lattice Distortions (E-FiELD)","award":["PTDC\/NAN-MAT\/0098\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/NAN-MAT\/0098\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, we introduce lead-free organic ferroelectric perovskite N-methyl-N\u2032-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octonium)\u2013ammonium triiodide (MDABCO-NH4I3) nanocrystals embedded in three different polymer fibers fabricated by the electrospinning technique, as mechanical energy harvesters. Molecular ferroelectrics offer the advantage of structural diversity and tunability, easy fabrication, and mechanical flexibility. Organic\u2013inorganic hybrid materials are new low-symmetry emerging materials that may be used as energy harvesters because of their piezoelectric or ferroelectric properties. Among these, ferroelectric metal-free perovskites are a class of recently discovered multifunctional materials. The doped nanofibers, which are very flexible and have a high Young modulus, behave as active piezoelectric energy harvesting sources that produce a piezoelectric voltage coefficient up to geff = 3.6 VmN\u22121 and show a blue intense luminescence band at 325 nm. In this work, the pyroelectric coefficient is reported for the MDABCO-NH4I3 perovskite inserted in electrospun fibers. At the ferroelectric\u2013paraelectric phase transition, the embedded nanocrystals display a pyroelectric coefficient as high as 194 \u00d7 10\u22126 Cm\u22122k\u22121, within the same order of magnitude as that reported for the state-of-the-art bulk ferroelectric triglycine sulfate (TGS). The perovskite nanocrystals embedded into the polymer fibers remain stable in their piezoelectric output response, and no degradation is caused by oxidation, making the piezoelectric perovskite nanofibers suitable to be used as flexible energy harvesters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15238397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T07:38:49Z","timestamp":1669621129000},"page":"8397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Lead-Free MDABCO-NH4I3 Perovskite Crystals Embedded in Electrospun Nanofibers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5380-9212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa M. F.","family":"Baptista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8408-8235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7538-6847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0732-1774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cid\u00e1lia","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers and Composites, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0397-8808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro V.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers and Composites, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Polymers and Composites, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7968-5038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Belsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Etelvina","family":"de Matos Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.01.072","article-title":"Flexible electronic skins based on piezoelectric nanogenerators and piezotronics","volume":"59","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200800541","article-title":"Towards Self-Powered Nanosystems: From Nanogenerators to Nanopiezotronics","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. 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