{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T02:02:23Z","timestamp":1777341743958,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147460\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147460\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04436\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04436\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04436\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04436\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00285\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00285\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"FEDER through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program (POCI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/147460\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/147460\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"FEDER through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program (POCI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04436\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04436\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"FEDER through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program (POCI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04436\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04436\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"FEDER through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program (POCI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/00285\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00285\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"FEDER through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program (POCI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel is widely used in the mould industry due to its high tensile strength, hardness, and corrosion properties. Another requirement concerning any material used for this type of application is high thermal conductivity to minimise the time between consecutive injection cycles. The surfaces of some parts of the mould may be textured and reinforced with a material with higher thermal conductivity to achieve this aim. The results of a detailed study on the texturing of annealed 420 stainless steel using a Nd:YVO4 fibre laser are presented in this work. The influence of the laser\u2019s processing parameters (laser power, scanning speed, number of passes, and line spacing) on the dimensions of the track, microstructure, and hardness of the modified surfaces was studied. Based on the continuity and dimensions of the machined grooves, several promising textures could be produced with laser power values from 5 to 30 W, scanning speeds of 500 to 2000 mm\/s, 8 passes or more, and line spacings of 40 and 50 \u00b5m. High laser powers were responsible for the dissolution of chromium carbides in the laser tracks, the incorporation of chromium in austenite, and the consequent hardening of the microstructure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15248979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T03:55:39Z","timestamp":1671162939000},"page":"8979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Influence of Laser Parameters on the Texturing of 420 Stainless Steel"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0610-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS\u2014Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Fl\u00e1vio","family":"Bartolomeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS\u2014Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS\u2014Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2971-8465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Trindade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEMMPRE\u2014Center for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9447-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CMEMS\u2014Center for Microelectromechanical Systems, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"682","article-title":"Effects of Nb and Mo on the microstructure and properties of 420 stainless steel processed by laser-powder bed fusion","volume":"28","author":"Nath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addit. 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