{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T20:27:57Z","timestamp":1762374477731,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006111","name":"FCT\/MCTES, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia and Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020","UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006111","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) are endodontic materials widely used in vital pulp-capping approaches. Concerning the clinical application, the reduced set time and pre-mixed formulations are relevant characteristics during the operative management of pulpal exposure, aiming to optimise the work time and improve cross-infection\/asepsis control. Additionally, clinical success seems to be greatly dependent on the biological performance of the materials that directly contact the living pulp. As such, this work approaches an integrative biological characterisation (i.e., antibacterial, irritation, and cytocompatibility assays) of three fast-setting CSCs\u2014BiodentineTM, TotalFill\u00ae BC RRM\u2122 Fast Putty, and Theracal LC\u00ae. These cements, after setting for 24 h, presented the expected topography and elemental composition (assessed by scanning electron microscopy, coupled with EDS analysis), in accordance with the information of the manufacturer. The set cements displayed a significant and similar antibiofilm activity against S. mutans, in a direct contact assay. Twenty-four-hour eluates were not irritant in the standardised CAM assay, but elicited distinct dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity profiles on fibroblastic cells\u2014i.e., Biodentine was devoid of toxicity, TotalFill presented a slight dose-dependent initial toxicity that was easily overcome, and Theracal LC was deleterious at high concentrations. When compared to long-setting ProRoot MTA cement, which highlighted the pursued integrative approach, Biodentine presented a similar profile, but TotalFill and Theracal LC displayed a poorer performance regarding antibiofilm activity\/cytocompatibility features, and Theracal LC suggested eventual safety concerns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16010450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T02:54:55Z","timestamp":1672800895000},"page":"450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fast-Setting Calcium Silicate-Based Pulp Capping Cements\u2014Integrated Antibacterial, Irritation and Cytocompatibility Assessment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3920-4513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5365-2123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Sousa","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7086-2667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin Hermana","family":"Neppelenbroek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Prosthodontics, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Al. Oct\u00e1vio Pinheiro Brisola, 9-75, Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9476-2839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"Grenho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/Requimte, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13707","article-title":"Outcome of full pulpotomy in mature permanent molars using 3 calcium silicate-based materials: A parallel, double blind, randomized controlled trial","volume":"55","author":"Taha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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