{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T02:11:01Z","timestamp":1776996661547,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":184,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]],"date-time":"2023-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extrusion-based 3D concrete printing (E3DCP) has been appreciated by academia and industry as the most plausible candidate for prospective concrete constructions. Considerable research efforts are dedicated to the material design to improve the extrudability of fresh concrete. However, at the time of writing this paper, there is still a lack of a review paper that highlights the significance of the mechanical design of the E3DCP system. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the mechanical design of the E3DCP extruder system in terms of the extruder system, positioning system and advanced fittings, and their effects on the extrudability are also discussed by relating to the extrusion driving forces and extrusion resistive forces which may include chamber wall shear force, shaping force, nozzle wall shear force, dead zone shear force and layer pressing force. Moreover, a classification framework of the E3DCP system as an extension of the DFC classification framework was proposed. The authors reckoned that such a classification framework could assist a more systematic E3DCP system design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16072661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T01:41:34Z","timestamp":1679967694000},"page":"2661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A Review of the Extruder System Design for Large-Scale Extrusion-Based 3D Concrete Printing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0520-6190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}]},{"given":"Daobo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100190, China"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architecture and Built Environment, School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7994-9504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7105-4212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Perrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche Dupuy de L\u00f4me, Universit\u00e9 Bretagne Sud, 56100 Lorient, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2020.106068","article-title":"A process classification framework for defining and describing Digital Fabrication with Concrete","volume":"134","author":"Buswell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cem. 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