{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T06:02:52Z","timestamp":1774677772040,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","award":["# 310030E_192674\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 310030E_192674\/1"]}]},{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","award":["# 437213841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 437213841"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["# 310030E_192674\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 310030E_192674\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["# 437213841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# 437213841"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intervertebral disc (IVD) herniation often causes severe pain and is frequently associated with the degeneration of the IVD. As the IVD degenerates, more fissures with increasing size appear within the outer region of the IVD, the annulus fibrosus (AF), favoring the initiation and progression of IVD herniation. For this reason, we propose an AF repair approach based on methacrylated gellan gum (GG-MA) and silk fibroin. Therefore, coccygeal bovine IVDs were injured using a biopsy puncher (\u2300 2 mm) and then repaired with 2% GG-MA as a filler material and sealed with an embroidered silk yarn fabric. Then, the IVDs were cultured for 14 days either without any load, static loading, or complex dynamic loading. After 14 days of culture, no significant differences were found between the damaged and repaired IVDs, except for a significant decrease in the IVDs\u2019 relative height under dynamic loading. Based on our findings combined with the current literature that focuses on ex vivo AF repair approaches, we conclude that it is likely that the repair approach did not fail but rather insufficient harm was done to the IVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16083173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T01:36:45Z","timestamp":1681781805000},"page":"3173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Repairing Annulus Fibrosus Fissures Using Methacrylated Gellan Gum Combined with Novel Silk"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1472-1979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas S.","family":"Croft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1924-5265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slavko","family":"\u0106orluka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0287-4632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janine","family":"Fuhrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5405-0981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"W\u00f6ltje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1312-3109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Silva-Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3Bs\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark\u2014Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7052-8837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim M.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3Bs\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark\u2014Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4328-4918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg F.","family":"Erbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4295-6129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui L.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3B\u2019s Research Group, I3Bs\u2014Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark\u2014Parque de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9005-0655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Gantenbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering for Orthopaedics and Mechanobiology, Bone & Joint Program, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4103\/1115-2613.278263","article-title":"Intervertebral disc herniation: Prevalence and association with clinical diagnosis","volume":"25","author":"Wachukwu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Niger. 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