{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:23:51Z","timestamp":1768436631576,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the COMPETE 2020 Program","award":["LA\/P\/0037\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0037\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the COMPETE 2020 Program","award":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"]}]},{"name":"the COMPETE 2020 Program","award":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds through FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["LA\/P\/0037\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0037\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds through FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds through FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, iron niobate (FeNbO4) was prepared via two processes based on the sol-gel method: colloidal gel and polymeric gel. The obtained powders were submitted to heat treatments at different temperatures based on the results obtained via differential thermal analysis. The structures of the prepared samples were characterized via X-ray diffraction and the morphology was characterized via scanning electron microscopy. The dielectric measurements were performed in the radiofrequency region using the impedance spectroscopy technique and in the microwave range using the resonant cavity method. The influence of the preparation method was noticeable in the structural, morphological and dielectric properties of the studied samples. The polymeric gel method promoted the formation of monoclinic and orthorhombic iron niobate at lower temperatures. The differences in the samples\u2019 morphology were also remarkable, both in the size and shape of the grains. The dielectric characterization revealed that the dielectric constant and the dielectric losses had the same order of magnitude and similar trends. A relaxation mechanism was identified in all the samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16083202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T01:09:22Z","timestamp":1681866562000},"page":"3202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Influence of the Preparation Method on the Structural, Morphological and Dielectric Properties of FeNbO4 Ceramics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2217-4584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Devesa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CFisUC, Physics Department, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6858-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Gra\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3N and Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jssc.2010.04.022","article-title":"Dielectric properties of some MM\u2032O4 and MTiM\u2032O6 (M = Cr, Fe, Ga; M\u2032 = Nb, Ta, Sb) rutile-type oxides","volume":"183","author":"Mani","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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