{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T11:35:01Z","timestamp":1777894501688,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents an efficient and reliable approach to study the low-velocity impact response of woven composite shells using 3D finite element models that account for the physical intralaminar and interlaminar progressive damage. The authors\u2019 previous work on the experimental assessment of the effect of thickness on the impact response of semicylindrical composite laminated shells served as the basis for this paper. Therefore, the finite element models were put to the test in comparison to the experimental findings. A good agreement was obtained between the numerical predictions and experimental data for the load and energy histories as well as for the maximum impact load, maximum displacement, and contact time. The use of the mass-scaling technique was successfully implemented, reducing considerably the computing cost of the solutions. The maximum load, maximum displacement, and contact time are negligibly affected by the choice of finite element mesh discretization. However, it has an impact on the initiation and progression of interlaminar damage. Therefore, to accurately compute delamination, its correct definition is of upmost importance. The validation of these finite element models opens the possibility for further numerical studies on of woven composite shells and enables shortening the time and expenses associated with the experimental testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16093442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T05:46:06Z","timestamp":1682660766000},"page":"3442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Numerical Simulations of the Low-Velocity Impact Response of Semicylindrical Woven Composite Shells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5223-5309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis M.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Elasticidad y Resistencia de Materiales, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino Descubrimientos, 41092 Sevilla, Spain"},{"name":"Escuela Polit\u00e9cnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C\/Virgen de \u00c1frica, 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain"}]},{"given":"Carlos A. C. P.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade Departamental de Engenharias, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Abrantes, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Tomar, Rua 17 de Agosto de 1808, 2200-370 Abrantes, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5203-3670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo N. B.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3030-194 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2019.111115","article-title":"Predicting Failure Load of a Non-Crimp Fabric Composite by Means of a 3D Finite Element Model Including Progressive Damage","volume":"225","author":"Ferreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compos. 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