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(AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, allows the fabrication of complex parts, which are impossible or very expensive to produce using traditional processes. That is the case for dinnerware and artworks (stoneware, porcelain and clay-based products). After the piece is formed, the greenware is fired at high temperatures so that these pieces gain its mechanical strength and aesthetics. The conventional (gas or resistive heating elements) firing usually requires long heating cycles, presently requiring around 10 h to reach temperatures as high as 1200 \u00b0C. Searching for faster processes, 3D-printed stoneware were fired using microwave (MW) radiation. The pieces were fired within 10% of the conventional processing time. The temperature were controlled using a pyrometer and monitored using Process Temperature Control Rings (PTCRs). An error of 1.25% was calculated between the PTCR (1207 \u00b1 15 \u00b0C) and the pyrometer (1200 \u00b0C). Microwave-fast-fired pieces show similar mechanical strength to the references and to the electrically fast-fired pieces (41, 46 and 34 (N\/mm2), respectively), presenting aesthetic features closer to the reference. Total porosities of ~4%, ~5% and ~9% were determined for microwave, electrically fast-fired and reference samples. Numerical studies have shown to be essential to better understand and improve the firing process using microwave radiation. In summary, microwave heating can be employed as an alternative to stoneware conventional firing methods, not compromising the quality and features of the processed pieces, and with gains in the heating time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16186236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T23:32:27Z","timestamp":1694993547000},"page":"6236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A 3D-Printed Ceramics Innovative Firing Technique: A Numerical and Experimental Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6748-5589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CDRSP\u2014Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"},{"name":"ARISE\u2014Associated Laboratory on Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"I3N and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Melinda","family":"Ramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDRSP\u2014Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2217-4584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Devesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3N and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"CEMMPRE\u2014Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4099-8488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDRSP\u2014Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9659-7646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDRSP\u2014Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8653-5126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TEMA\u2014Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"LASI\u2014Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7666-4741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I3N and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4199-7367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDRSP\u2014Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"},{"name":"ARISE\u2014Associated Laboratory on Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Mathematics Department, School of Management and Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5016-0868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDRSP\u2014Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"},{"name":"ARISE\u2014Associated Laboratory on Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Management and Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1474-9496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Pascoal-Faria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDRSP\u2014Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"},{"name":"ARISE\u2014Associated Laboratory on Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Mathematics Department, School of Management and Technology, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Fonseca, A.T. 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