{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T10:31:05Z","timestamp":1777285865616,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]],"date-time":"2023-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04625\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to assess the effect of adding lignin waste, a by-product of bioethanol production from forest biomass, to asphalt concrete to improve its performance. After adjusting the lignin content based on preliminary Marshall tests, 20% of this by-product by mass of bitumen was added to the asphalt concrete blends via the dry method. This lignin content was suitable to the temperature was decreased 40 \u00b0C compared to the usual mixing temperature, thus allowing the production of warm-mix asphalt concrete (WMA) without any other additive. Tests on a gyratory compactor assessed the workability of the studied asphalt concrete, allowing us to obtain these findings. Moreover, lignin improved moisture damage and adhesion resistance between the binder film and the aggregate particles\u2019 surface. The behaviour at high temperatures was also enhanced, resulting in better resistance to permanent deformation. These promising laboratory results show us an opportunity to create value for this type of by-product in substituting commercial additives for asphalt concrete, such as organic wax or adhesion promoters, to allow the production of warm-mix asphalt concrete with improved properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16237339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T03:48:17Z","timestamp":1701056897000},"page":"7339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Improvement of Warm-Mix Asphalt Concrete Performance with Lignin Obtained from Bioethanol Production from Forest Biomass Waste"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Pascoal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5193-4896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arminda","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Lu\u00eds Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CITTA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o do Territ\u00f3rio, Transportes e Ambiente, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6615-3008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvino","family":"Capit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, SusCita, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CERIS\u2014Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2072-3188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Picado-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS\u2014Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IEA (2022). World Energy Outlook, International Energy Agency."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"IEA (2023). Renewables 2022\u2014Analysis and Forecast to 2027 (Revised Version\u2014January 2022), International Energy Agency."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"EU (2023, September 25). Directive (EU) 2018\/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on the Promotion of the Use of Energy from Renewable Sources. L 328\/82. 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