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Despite the magnitude of this problem, the majority of global wastewater is released untreated into water bodies. To combat this issue, a multi-strategy approach is needed. This study explores a circular economy-based solution for treating emerging pollutants, particularly wastewater from ophthalmic spectacle lens production. Our approach integrates solid waste materials into polymeric and cement matrices while also utilising wastewater for microalgae cultivation. This innovative strategy focuses on biomass generation and economic valorisation. By adopting a circular economy model, we aim to transform environmental pollutants from wastewater into valuable organic products. A key component of our approach is the utilisation of microalgae, specifically Nannochloropsis sp., known for its high lipid content and resilience. This microalgae species serves as a promising biobased feedstock, supporting the production of innovative biobased products, such as biopolymers, for ophthalmic lens manufacturing. Our interdisciplinary approach combines microalgae technology, analytical chemistry, cement production, and polymer processing to develop a sustainable circular economy model that not only addresses environmental concerns, but also offers economic benefits. This study underscores the potential of harnessing high-value products from waste streams and underscores the importance of circular economy principles in tackling pollution and resource challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17010075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T20:48:37Z","timestamp":1703450917000},"page":"75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Recycling Ophthalmic Lens Wastewater in a Circular Economy Context: A Case Study with Microalgae Integration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3991-7612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Telma","family":"Encarna\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"},{"name":"PTScience, Avenida do Atl\u00e2ntico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Na\u00e7\u00f5es, 1990-019 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Nicolau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PTScience, Avenida do Atl\u00e2ntico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Na\u00e7\u00f5es, 1990-019 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PTScience, Avenida do Atl\u00e2ntico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Na\u00e7\u00f5es, 1990-019 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Opticentro, 2460-071 Alcoba\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PTScience, Avenida do Atl\u00e2ntico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Na\u00e7\u00f5es, 1990-019 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Opticentro, 2460-071 Alcoba\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Mateus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9411-5823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom\u00e1s Archer de","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7031-6260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florindo","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Anabela","family":"Massano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2609-6878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Biscaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1263-9034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo A. E.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1756-377X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo A.","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Poonam","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PTScience, Avenida do Atl\u00e2ntico, N 16, Office 5.07, Parque das Na\u00e7\u00f5es, 1990-019 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5509-1067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0672-9014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana","family":"Patr\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development (CDRSP), Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8264-6854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Fausto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Department of Physics, Istanbul Kultur University, Atak\u00f6y Campus, Bakirk\u00f6y, Istanbul 34156, Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6367-027X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ab\u00edlio J. F. N.","family":"Sobral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Centre-Institute of Molecular Sciences (CQC-IMS), Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Publications Office of the European Union (2020). European Commission Circular Economy Action Plan: For a Cleaner and More Competitive Europe, Publications Office of the European Union."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"US EPA (2023, August 31). Draft National Strategy to Prevent Plastic Pollution, Available online: https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/circulareconomy\/draft-national-strategy-prevent-plastic-pollution.","DOI":"10.12968\/S0306-3747(23)70131-0"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"7","article-title":"Creating an economic infrastructure for sustainable product design","volume":"8","author":"Cooper","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Sustain. 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