{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T22:38:47Z","timestamp":1776119927955,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"A smart and eco-friendly adhesively bonded structure for the next generation mobility platforms","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/EME-EME\/6442\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EME-EME\/6442\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"A smart and eco-friendly adhesively bonded structure for the next generation mobility platforms","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.12426.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.12426.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"A smart and eco-friendly adhesively bonded structure for the next generation mobility platforms","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/03276\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03276\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/EME-EME\/6442\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EME-EME\/6442\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.12426.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.12426.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"national funds through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/03276\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/03276\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In contemporary engineering practices, the utilization of sustainable materials and eco-friendly techniques has gained significant importance. Wooden joints, particularly those created with polyurethan-based bio-adhesives, have garnered significant attention owing to their intrinsic environmental advantages and desirable mechanical properties. In comparison to conventional joining methods, adhesive joints offer distinct benefits such as an enhanced load distribution, reduced stress concentration, and improved aesthetic appeal. In this study, reference and toughened single-lap joint samples were investigated experimentally and numerically under quasi-static loading conditions. The proposed research methodology involves the infusion of a bio-adhesive into the wooden substrate, reinforcing the matrix of its surfaces. This innovative approach was developed to explore a synergetic effect of both wood and bio-adhesive. The experimentally validated results showcase a significant enhancement in joint strength, demonstrating an 85% increase when compared to joints with regular pine substrates. Moreover, the increased delamination thickness observed in toughened joints was found to increase the energy absorption of the joint.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17020448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T08:57:32Z","timestamp":1705481852000},"page":"448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A Novel Technique for Substrate Toughening in Wood Single Lap Joints Using a Zero-Thickness Bio-Adhesive"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shahin","family":"Jalali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Catarina da Silva Pereira","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1933-0865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Jo\u00e3o Camilo","family":"Carbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Andr\u00e9 de Sousa","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7168-7079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Akhavan-Safar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Sofia Oliveira Ferreira","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Carlos Moura","family":"Bordado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Recursos Naturais E Ambiennte (CERENA), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3272-4591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas Filipe Martins","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1002\/bbb.1988","article-title":"A consolidated road map for economically gainful efficient utilization of agro-wastes for eco-friendly products","volume":"13","author":"Gajula","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biofuels Bioprod. 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