{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T18:30:49Z","timestamp":1774290649381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Najran University","award":["NU\/GP\/SERK\/13\/158-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU\/GP\/SERK\/13\/158-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this investigation, our primary objective is to explore the structural, morphological, and electrical characteristics of Bi0.75Ba0.25(FeMn)0.5O3 ceramic material synthesized by the sol-gel method. The prepared sample underwent synthesis through the conventional sol-gel technique. Examination through X-ray diffraction (XRD) unveiled a well-defined rhombohedral structure within the R3\u00b4C space group. Moreover, to evaluate the purity and nano-grain morphology, we utilized energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrical assessments were carried out over a frequency span of 100 Hz to 1 MHz and temperatures ranging from 200 to 340 K. Employing the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model, we analyzed the AC conductivity of our specimen. The activation energy, determined from both DC conductivity and impedance spectra, demonstrated close correspondence, suggesting that both conductivity and r laxation processes are influenced by similar factors. Notably, the dielectric properties hold significant importance, potentially rendering our sample suitable for electronic applications. Furthermore, we calculated thermodynamic parameters, such as enthalpy (\u0394H), entropy change (\u0394S), and free energy of activation (\u0394F), offering deeper insights into the material\u2019s behavior and conductivity mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17153797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T11:34:20Z","timestamp":1722512060000},"page":"3797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Crystal Structural Characteristics and Electrical Properties of Novel Sol-Gel Synthesis of Ceramic Bi0.75Ba0.25(FeMn)0.5O3"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Faouzia","family":"Tayari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N-Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ramzi","family":"Dhahri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Elkenany Brens","family":"Elkenany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4084-5764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia Soreto","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N-Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6858-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Pedro Fernandes","family":"Gra\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N-Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2026-3241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. M.","family":"Al-Syadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, College of Science and Arts, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Manel","family":"Essid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N-Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1917-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kais","family":"Iben Nassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N-Physics Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6786(93)90004-B","article-title":"B-cation arrangements in double perovskites","volume":"22","author":"Anderson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Prog. 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