{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:32:11Z","timestamp":1777491131390,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of TU Berlin"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extrusion-based printing of cementitious materials represents an innovative technology in civil engineering. The additive manufacturing process significantly influences the material properties in the hardened state, leading to anisotropic behaviour in terms of stiffness and strength compared to conventionally cast concrete. This experimental study aims to deepen the understanding of the mechanical behaviour of hardened printed concrete. Beam-like specimens with varying printing patterns, loading orientations and lengths are investigated within three-point bending tests (3PBT) and uniaxial compression tests (UCT). Homogenized material parameters such as Young\u2019s modulus, compressive and flexural tensile strength and density are statistically evaluated using optically measured displacement and strain fields on the specimen surface. The qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate a strong dependency of material properties and failure mechanisms on the printing pattern. The interfilamental and interlayer areas with weak adhesion are identified as the main reason for anisotropy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17163931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T07:01:25Z","timestamp":1723100485000},"page":"3931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Experimental Characterization of Anisotropic Mechanical Behaviour and Failure Mechanisms of Hardened Printed Concrete"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1780-3515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa","family":"Glotz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Structural Mechanics, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6801-5677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri","family":"Petryna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair of Structural Mechanics, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2003.08.012","article-title":"Automated Construction by Contour Crafting\u2014Related Robotics and Information Technologies","volume":"13","author":"Khoshnevis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Autom. 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