{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T23:48:24Z","timestamp":1774396104113,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EUROPEAN UNION\u2019S H2020 research and innovation program","award":["861138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["861138"]}]},{"name":"EUROPEAN UNION\u2019S H2020 research and innovation program","award":["101057961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101057961"]}]},{"name":"Horizon Europe program","award":["861138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["861138"]}]},{"name":"Horizon Europe program","award":["101057961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101057961"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\u03b2-Tricalcium phosphate (\u03b2-TCP) is a well-established biomaterial for bone regeneration, highly regarded for its biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. However, its clinical efficacy is often compromised by susceptibility to bacterial infections. In this study, we address this limitation by integrating femtosecond (fs)-laser processing with the concurrent synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) mediated by Azorean green tea leaf extract (GTLE), which is known for its rich antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The fs laser was employed to modify the surface of \u03b2-TCP scaffolds by varying scanning velocities, fluences, and patterns. The resulting patterns, formed at lower scanning velocities, display organized nanostructures, along with enhanced roughness and wettability, as characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), optical profilometry, and contact angle measurements. Concurrently, the femtosecond laser facilitated the photoreduction of silver ions in the presence of GTLE, enabling the efficient synthesis of small, spherical AgNPs, as confirmed by UV\u2013vis spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The resulting AgNP-embedded \u03b2-TCP scaffolds exhibited a significantly improved cell viability and elongation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs), alongside significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). This study underscores the transformative potential of combining femtosecond laser surface modification with GTLE-mediated AgNP synthesis, presenting a novel and effective strategy for enhancing the performance of \u03b2-TCP scaffolds in bone-tissue engineering.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17205057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T10:11:04Z","timestamp":1729073464000},"page":"5057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dual-Function Femtosecond Laser: \u03b2-TCP Structuring and AgNP Synthesis via Photoreduction with Azorean Green Tea for Enhanced Osteointegration and Antibacterial Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3308-9094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1702-862X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliya","family":"Angelova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Grenho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BoneLab\u2014Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BoneLab\u2014Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4160-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Albena","family":"Daskalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2019.108161","article-title":"Material-Based Therapy for Bone Nonunion","volume":"183","author":"Leng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. 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