{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T09:39:16Z","timestamp":1766050756409,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Quadro de Refer\u00eancia Estrat\u00e9gica Nacional (QREN)","award":["UID\/05488\/2020","UID\/00102\/2020","UID\/04035\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/05488\/2020","UID\/00102\/2020","UID\/04035\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UID\/05488\/2020","UID\/00102\/2020","UID\/04035\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/05488\/2020","UID\/00102\/2020","UID\/04035\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The valorization of gastropod shell wastes in the production of lime is the topic of this study. First, shells from land snail and sea snail were characterized for their mineralogical, chemical, and thermal properties. Then, the shells were calcined at 1000 \u00b0C, and the obtained quicklimes were characterized for their specific surface area, pore diameter, and particle morphology, followed by evaluation of their reactivity in wet slaking tests. Comparisons were made with lime from limestone. It was found that both gastropod shell wastes were composed of aragonite as the dominant crystalline phase. The quicklime from land snail belonged to the most reactive class (R5) of the wet slaking reactivity, reaching 60 \u00b0C in about 5 min, whereas the quicklime from the sea snail belonged to the R4 class, reaching 60 \u00b0C in about 14 min. However, both were much less reactive than the lime from limestone (60 \u00b0C in 25 s). The lower reactivity of quicklime from sea snail shells compared to quicklime from land snail shells could be related to its higher sulfur content (as contaminant), lower pore diameter, and the presence of particles with rounder surfaces. The reference quicklime from limestone was more reactive, mainly due to the much higher specific surface area and lower particle size. It was concluded that the gastropod shell wastes can be used in lime manufacturing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17235683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T06:57:54Z","timestamp":1732172274000},"page":"5683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Starting Point on Recycling Land and Sea Snail Shell Wastes to Manufacture Quicklime, Milk of Lime, and Hydrated Lime"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4717-6305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TECHN&ART, Polytechnic Institute of Tomar, Quinta do Contador, Estrada da Serra, PT-2300-313 Tomar, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9289-3270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Terroso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOBIOTEC, Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, PT-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2404-7110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Sequeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOBIOTEC, Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, PT-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8827-4713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Celeste","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, PT-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6743-9278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Coroado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TECHN&ART, Polytechnic Institute of Tomar, Quinta do Contador, Estrada da Serra, PT-2300-313 Tomar, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7141-9090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CaCO<sub>3<\/sub>-Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o do Patrim\u00f3nio Art\u00edstico, Lda, Vale Cabrito-Madalena, PT-2305-441 Tomar, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3636-3933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOBIOTEC, Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, PT-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1474-767X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A. F.","family":"Gamelas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, P\u00f3lo II. R. S\u00edlvio Lima, PT-3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23987","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2016.1140078","article-title":"Removal of cadmium from aqueous solution using waste shells of golden apple snail","volume":"57","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330.2010.509868","article-title":"Evaluation of snail shell as a coagulant aid in the alum precipitation of aniline blue from aqueous solution","volume":"32","author":"Oladoja","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. 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Appl."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/17\/23\/5683\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:36:39Z","timestamp":1760114199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/17\/23\/5683"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"23","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ma17235683"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma17235683","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1996-1944"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]}}}