{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:35:25Z","timestamp":1759970125762,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"InPaCTus\u2014Innovative Products and Technologies from Eucalyptus","award":["21874","246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21874","246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portugal 2020 through European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the frame of COMPETE 2020 n\u00ba","award":["21874","246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21874","246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Unit of Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibEnTech-UBI)","award":["21874","246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21874","246\/AXIS II\/2017","UIDB\/00195\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, four different experimental assessment approaches, namely, the Tissue Softness Analyzer (TSA), a Subjective Evaluation (SUB), the Kawabata Evaluation System (KES), and an Optical System (OPT), were used for the evaluation of softness on a set of 29 different tissue paper products. After processing and the interpretation of the results given by each one of the used methods, a procedure was implemented in the current work to make a comparison between them. The procedure consists in tracking the position of the tissue paper products on a ranking table, regardless of what values were obtained through each one of the four used methods independently. This comparison revealed to be very useful in determining the differences verified between methods allowing to conclude which ones were the least and the most concordant, and, at the same time, enabling us to identify interesting cases of tissue paper products on the set that caught our attention for their distinctive characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18020228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T07:42:19Z","timestamp":1736235739000},"page":"228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tissue Paper Softness: A Comparison Between Different Experimental Assessment Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio de O.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI), University da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6098-9581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana C.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI), University da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4159-8999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana M.","family":"Carta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest and Paper Research Institute (RAIZ), R. Jos\u00e9 Estev\u00e3o, Eixo, 3800-783 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5379-7688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana M. R.","family":"Curto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI), University da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria E.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI), University da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1583-3462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana P.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI), University da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7374-3636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo T.","family":"Fiadeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies Research Unit (FibEnTech-UBI), University da Beira Interior, R. Marqu\u00eas D\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Mark, R.E. (1983). Mechanical properties of tissue. Handbook of Physical and Mechanical Testing of Paper and Paperboard, Dekker."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Paulapuro, H. (2000). Chapter 3\u2014Tissue. Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 18\u2014Paper and Board Grades, Finnish Paper Engineers\u2019 Association and TAPPI."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000777","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.202000777","article-title":"Creped Tissue Paper: A Microarchitected Fibrous Network","volume":"23","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Levlin, J.E., and S\u00f6derhjelm, L. (2000). Hygiene papers. Papermaking Science and Technology, Book 17\u2014Pulp and Paper Testing, Finnish Paper Engineers\u2019 Association and TAPPI. 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