{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T19:08:53Z","timestamp":1760123333549,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["522MS096","52278528","2022.04729.CEECIND\/CP1714\/CT0010","UIDB\/00285\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["522MS096","52278528","2022.04729.CEECIND\/CP1714\/CT0010","UIDB\/00285\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["522MS096","52278528","2022.04729.CEECIND\/CP1714\/CT0010","UIDB\/00285\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["522MS096","52278528","2022.04729.CEECIND\/CP1714\/CT0010","UIDB\/00285\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["522MS096","52278528","2022.04729.CEECIND\/CP1714\/CT0010","UIDB\/00285\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["522MS096","52278528","2022.04729.CEECIND\/CP1714\/CT0010","UIDB\/00285\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents detailed numerical modeling of externally prestressed concrete (EPC) beams with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars. Particular attention is paid to the bond\u2013slip interactions between FRP rebars and concrete. A refined 3D finite element model (FEM) incorporating a script describing the bond\u2013slip of FRP rebars and concrete is developed in ABAQUS. The model effectiveness, rooted in the interface behavior between FRP rebars and concrete, is comprehensively assessed using experimental data. A comprehensive investigation has been conducted using FEM on the mechanical behavior of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) tendon\u2013EPC beams with FRP rebars. Due to the bond\u2013slip effect, FRP rebars in EPC beams exhibit a distinct phenomenon of stress degradation. This suggests that the traditional method based on plane cross-sectional assumptions is no longer suitable for the engineering design of EPC beams with FRP rebars. Moreover, the study assesses several models including typical design codes for their accuracy in predicting the elevation of ultimate stress in external tendons. It is demonstrated that some of the design codes are overly conservative when estimating the tendon stress in EPC beams with FRP rebars.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18040787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,12]],"date-time":"2025-02-12T11:08:51Z","timestamp":1739358531000},"page":"787","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of Externally Prestressed Beams with FRP Rebars Considering Bond\u2013Slip Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zhangxiang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572025, China"},{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572025, China"},{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6750-4217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572025, China"},{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}]},{"given":"Tiejiong","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572025, China"},{"name":"School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"CEMMPRE, ARISE, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, M., Wang, D., Wang, X., Chen, H., Gao, K., Liu, S., and Fang, H. 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