{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:57:07Z","timestamp":1760057827806,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/50010\/2020","UIDP\/50010\/2020","LA\/P\/0061\/202","101052200\u2014EUROfusion"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50010\/2020","UIDP\/50010\/2020","LA\/P\/0061\/202","101052200\u2014EUROfusion"]}]},{"name":"European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme","award":["UIDB\/50010\/2020","UIDP\/50010\/2020","LA\/P\/0061\/202","101052200\u2014EUROfusion"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50010\/2020","UIDP\/50010\/2020","LA\/P\/0061\/202","101052200\u2014EUROfusion"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nuclear fusion is a promising energy source. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor aims to study the feasibility of tokamak-type reactors and test technologies and materials for commercial use. One major challenge is developing materials for the reactor\u2019s divertor, which supports high thermal flux. Tungsten was chosen as the plasma-facing material, while a CuCrZr alloy will be used in the cooling pipes. However, the gradient between the working temperatures of these materials requires the use of a thermal barrier interlayer between them. To this end, refractory high-entropy (CrFeTiTa)70W30 and VFeTiTaW alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying and sintering, and their thermal and irradiation resistance was evaluated. Both alloys showed phase growth after annealing at 1100 \u00b0C for 8 days, being more pronounced for higher temperatures (1300 \u00b0C and 1500 \u00b0C). The VFeTiTaW alloy presented greater phase growth, suggesting lower microstructural stability, however, no new phases were formed. Both (as-sintered) alloys were irradiated with Ar+ (150 keV) with a fluence of 2.4 \u00d7 1020 at\/m2, as well as He+ (10 keV) and D+ (5 keV) both with a fluence of 5 \u00d7 1021 at\/m2. The morphology of the surface of both samples was analyzed before and after irradiation showing no severe morphologic changes, indicating high irradiation resistance. Additionally, the VFeTiTaW alloy presented a lower deuterium retention (8.58%) when compared to (CrFeTiTa)70W30 alloy (14.41%).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18051030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T06:15:33Z","timestamp":1740550533000},"page":"1030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thermal Stability and Irradiation Resistance of (CrFeTiTa)70W30 and VFeTiTaW High Entropy Alloys"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear (IPFN), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7768-5704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear (IPFN), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6434-365X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear (IPFN), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8314-0695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 B.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Nacional de Energia e Geologia (LNEG), Estrada do Pa\u00e7o do Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8474-8259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei","family":"Galatanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street 405 A, 077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3879-1533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norberto","family":"Catarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear (IPFN), Departamento de Engenharia e Ci\u00eancias Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1926-479X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra J.","family":"Belec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6797-7711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear (IPFN), Departamento de Engenharia e Ci\u00eancias Nucleares (DECN), Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnol\u00f3gico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnucene.2021.104080","article-title":"Nuclear Energy: A Pathway towards Mitigation of Global Warming","volume":"143","author":"Mathew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. 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