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This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the application of PCMs in residential construction, focusing on their thermal properties, benefits, and limitations. A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, primarily covering studies published between 2015 and 2025. However, key studies published outside this period were also considered due to their relevance and significant contribution to the understanding of PCM performance and application. This analysis explores key parameters affecting PCM performance, including phase transition temperature, thermal conductivity, and material stability. The results highlight that optimized PCM integration can reduce energy consumption by up to 30% and improve indoor thermal comfort. However, challenges such as low thermal conductivity and phase separation still limit their large-scale adoption. The findings provide insights into the advantages and barriers associated with PCM-based systems and propose strategies to enhance their performance, including the use of nanocomposites and improved encapsulation techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18092063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T06:49:02Z","timestamp":1746082142000},"page":"2063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Phase Change Materials in Residential Buildings: Challenges, Opportunities, and Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7244-8611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IN+ Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5250-820X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinaldo","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IN+ Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Metrics, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4751-0588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeferson","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SISEA\u2014Renewable and Alternative Energy Systems Laboratory, Polytechnic School of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-010, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9801-7617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Moita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IN+ Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CINAMIL, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Desenvolvimento e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o da Academia Militar, Academia Militar, Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Militar, Rua Gomes Freire, 1169-203 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1038\/452520a","article-title":"Architecture: Architects of a low-energy future","volume":"452","author":"Butler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rashid, F.L., Dulaimi, A., Hatem, W.A., Al-Obaidi, M.A., Ameen, A., Eleiwi, M.A., Jawad, S.A., Bernardo, L.F.A., and Hu, J.W. 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