{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:21:43Z","timestamp":1760059303623,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of traffic wander on road pavement life for application in connected and autonomous vehicles. Research shows that in autonomous vehicles, drivers often follow the same path, leading to significant pavement damage on specific, well-defined paths. The paper examined the impact of traffic wander on pavement life by analysing two different wander distributions: normal and uniform. Based on the estimated pavement life for various pavement structures, a model that predicts the increase in pavement life due to traffic wander was developed for cracking and rutting prediction. The result of the research is the determination of relative pavement life influence functions, in which the variables are the traffic wander, asphalt layer thickness and subgrade stiffness. The obtained equations can be easily implemented for pavement service life extension evaluation. The model was also used to estimate the asphalt layer thickness as a function of the traffic expressed in terms of Equivalent Single Axle Load (ESALs). An analysis of the implications of the lateral distribution of traffic on the pavement thickness was presented. Significant reductions in the asphalt layer thickness of the pavement are achieved when wander is considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18112609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T06:21:51Z","timestamp":1748931711000},"page":"2609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Simple Model to Estimate the Increase in Pavement Life Due to the Traffic Wander for Application in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4244-6150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Gajewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3171-8504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Gajewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7555-1195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Pais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4782-2496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liseane","family":"Thives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1080\/15472450.2019.1573351","article-title":"Measuring the Impacts of Connected Vehicles on Travel Time Reliability in a Work Zone Environment: An Agent-Based Approach","volume":"24","author":"Abdulsattar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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