{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:29:43Z","timestamp":1778084983174,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":293,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The design and investigation of electrochromic devices have advanced significantly, including distinct applications such as self-charged smart windows, aerospace interactive windows, low power flexible and ecofriendly displays, automatic dimming rearview, wearable smart textiles, military and civilian camouflage systems, electrochromic sensors, among others. Although significant progress has been made in related fields, achieving the full potential of electrochromic devices to meet the standards of maturity and practical applications remains a persistent challenge. Electrochromic devices are typically multilayered structures that can be designed as either rigid or flexible systems, depending on the type of substrate employed. Conventional electrochromic devices comprise layered structures that include transparent electrodes, electrochromic materials, ionic conductors, and ion storage materials. On the other hand, multifunctional systems integrate bifunctional materials or distinct functional layers to simultaneously achieve optical modulation and additional capabilities such as energy storage. The development of advanced materials, comprehensive electrochemical kinetic analysis, the optimization and advancement of process techniques and deposition methods, and innovative device designs are active areas of extensive global research. This review focuses on the recent advances in multifunctional electrochromic materials and devices with particular emphasis on the integration of electrochromic technology with other functional technologies. It further identifies current challenges, proposes potential solutions, and outlines future research directions focused on advancing this technology in both niche and scalable applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18132964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T04:50:05Z","timestamp":1750654205000},"page":"2964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Advancements in Electrochromic Technology for Multifunctional Flexible Devices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4645-1870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Marciel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7421-6902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel","family":"Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5482-0715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2584-1792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui F.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6858-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Gra\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"i3N and Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.03.162","article-title":"Electrochromic devices","volume":"25","author":"Granqvist","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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