{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:36:53Z","timestamp":1760060213784,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/04029\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","2022.03631.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04029\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","2022.03631.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems ARISE","award":["UIDB\/04029\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","2022.03631.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04029\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","2022.03631.PTDC"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04029\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","2022.03631.PTDC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04029\/2020","LA\/P\/0112\/2020","2022.03631.PTDC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The eruption of the Cumbre Vieja volcano on 19 September 2021 resulted in the deposition of over 20 million cubic meters of tephra, posing significant environmental and logistical challenges in the affected areas. This study aimed to explore the valorization of volcanic ash (VA) by evaluating its potential use in producing sustainable mortar by incorporating it as a replacement for cement or sand. Various experimental mixtures were prepared with different proportions of VA which substituted either cement or sand, and these mixes were characterized through a mechanical and microstructural campaign. Additionally, shrinkage was evaluated for the mixtures which showed good mechanical results. The results suggest that partially replacing cement with up to 15% ground VA as well as substituting sand with up to 25% VA are promising strategies for the production of sustainable mortar mixes. This research contributes to the understanding of the influence of VA in cementitious matrices and offers a novel approach for integrating locally available geomaterials into infrastructure design in volcanic active regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18153694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T13:25:11Z","timestamp":1754486711000},"page":"3694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sustainable Use of Volcanic Ash in Mortars as a Replacement for Cement or Sand: Shrinkage and Physical and Mechanical Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8339-7290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa Mar\u00eda","family":"Gil-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada (UGR), Campus Universitario de Fuentenueva s\/n, 18072 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3042-0802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Jos\u00e9","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Civil (DEC), Universidade do Algarve, Faro and CERIS, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9950-2761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Alejandro","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Civil, de Materiales y Fabricaci\u00f3n, Universidad de M\u00e1laga, C\/Dr. Ortiz Ramos, s\/n, 29071 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8648-678X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando G.","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Coimbra, ISISE, ARISE, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6068-1264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada (UGR), Campus Universitario de Fuentenueva s\/n, 18072 Granada, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvolgeores.2021.107363","article-title":"Historical Volcanism in the Canary Islands; Part 1: A Review of Precursory and Eruptive Activity, Eruption Parameter Estimates, and Implications for Hazard Assessment","volume":"419","author":"Felpeto","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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