{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:25:06Z","timestamp":1760574306581,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005283","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Improving air quality is a significant environmental challenge. This research explored the potential of asphalt mixtures functionalized with a chitosan\u2013TiO2 composite (CS-TiO2) to reduce high NO2 concentrations and improve durability. For the assessment of the photocatalytic efficiency of the new CS-TiO2 composite, a low-cost reactor adapted to accommodate asphalt Marshall-type specimens and high pollutant concentrations encompassing a passive sampling module was developed. The CS-TiO2 was synthesized using a wet impregnation method at a concentration of 2%, and asphalt mixtures were treated with aqueous solutions of the photocatalysts at 2.5 g\/m2 and 5.0 g\/m2. Laboratory tests using the photocatalytic reactor and passive sampling of NO2 revealed pollutant reductions of 21% with TiO2 and 28% with CS-TiO2. CS-TiO2 achieved 15% efficiency in visible light, reducing NO2 levels and offering UV protection to the asphalt mixtures. Additionally, the chitosan improved the photocatalyst\u2019s adhesion by about 18%, as confirmed by tape test results, suggesting enhanced durability on pavement surfaces. The results achieved showcase the relevance of the proposed methodological improvements for supporting further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18184292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T10:51:33Z","timestamp":1757933493000},"page":"4292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chitosan-Doped TiO2 Functionalized Asphalt Mixtures for NO2 Mitigation Under High Pollution Levels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5534-528X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda","family":"Alcantara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transportation Engineering, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4910-3644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larissa","family":"Ribas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transportation Engineering, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Transportation and Geodesy Engineering, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40210-630, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9570-5876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transportation Engineering, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4761-9369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jairo","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transportation Engineering, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5132-7407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabete","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems Associated Laboratory (ARISE), Department of Civil Engineering, Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE), University of Minho, Campus Azur\u00e9m, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5588-2501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Cear\u00e1, Caucaia 60040-215, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1459-1740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ver\u00f4nica","family":"Castelo Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transportation Engineering, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vallero, D. 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