{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T15:54:03Z","timestamp":1770220443891,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research activity was aimed at the development of dual-scale scaffolds consisting of three-dimensional constructs of aligned poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) (PCL) microfilaments and electrospun poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) fibers. PCL constructs composed by layers of parallel microsized filaments (0\/90\u00b0 lay-down pattern), with a diameter of around 365 \u03bcm and interfilament distance of around 191 \u03bcm, were produced using a melt extrusion-based additive manufacturing technique. PLGA electrospun fibers with a diameter of around 1 \u03bcm were collected on top of the PCL constructs with different thicknesses, showing a certain degree of alignment. Cell culture experiments employing the MC3T3 murine preosteoblast cell line showed good cell viability and adhesion on the dual-scale scaffolds. In particular, the influence of electrospun fibers on cell morphology and behavior was evident, as well as in creating a structural bridging for cell colonization in the interfilament gap.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma4030527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,2]],"date-time":"2011-03-02T19:57:04Z","timestamp":1299095824000},"page":"527-542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Dual-Scale Polymeric Constructs as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Carlos","family":"Mota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Biomedical and Environmental Applications (BIOlab), Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Vecchia Livornese 1291, 56010 San Piero a Grado (Pi), Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9251-4388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Puppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Biomedical and Environmental Applications (BIOlab), Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Vecchia Livornese 1291, 56010 San Piero a Grado (Pi), Italy"}]},{"given":"Dinuccio","family":"Dinucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Biomedical and Environmental Applications (BIOlab), Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Vecchia Livornese 1291, 56010 San Piero a Grado (Pi), Italy"}]},{"given":"Cesare","family":"Errico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Biomedical and Environmental Applications (BIOlab), Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Vecchia Livornese 1291, 56010 San Piero a Grado (Pi), Italy"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"B\u00e1rtolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Centro Empresarial da Marinha Grande, Rua de Portugal\u2014Zona Industrial, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Chiellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Biomedical and Environmental Applications (BIOlab), Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Vecchia Livornese 1291, 56010 San Piero a Grado (Pi), Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(00)00121-6","article-title":"Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage","volume":"21","author":"Hutmacher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2009.0379","article-title":"Bone tissue engineering therapeutics: Controlled drug delivery in three-dimensional scaffolds","volume":"7","author":"Boccaccini","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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