{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T23:55:51Z","timestamp":1769039751625,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]],"date-time":"2013-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>e effects of biological pretreatment on the rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), was evaluated after cultivation of white rot fungi Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Trametes versicolor, and a mixed culture of C. subvermispora and T. versicolor. The analysis of chemical compositions indicated that C. subvermispora had greater selectivity for lignin degradation with the highest lignin and hemicellulose loss at 45.06% and 42.08%, respectively, and lowest cellulose loss (9.50%) after 90 days among the tested samples.  X-ray analysis showed that pretreated samples had a higher crystallinity than untreated samples. The sample pretreated by C. subvermispora presented the highest crystallinity of all the samples which might be caused by the selective degradation of amorphous components. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy demonstrated that the content of lignin and hemicellulose decreased during the biological pretreatment process. A study on hydrolysis of rubberwood treated with C. subvermispora, T. versicolor, and mixed culture for 90 days resulted in an increased sugar yield of about 27.67%, 16.23%, and 14.20%, respectively, as compared with untreated rubberwood (2.88%). The results obtained demonstrate that rubberwood is a potential raw material for industrial applications and white rot fungus C. subevermispora provides an effective method for improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of rubberwood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma6052059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]],"date-time":"2013-05-15T12:29:39Z","timestamp":1368620979000},"page":"2059-2073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Evaluation of Biological Pretreatment of Rubberwood with White Rot Fungi for Enzymatic Hydrolysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Forough","family":"Nazarpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioscience; University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang Selangor, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Dzulkefly","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang Selangor, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Norhafizah","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioscience; University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Chemical and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang Selangor, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Zamiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Engineering and Ceramic, University of Aveiro, Campus Santiago,  3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biombioe.2003.11.002","article-title":"Production of activated carbon from rubber wood sawdust","volume":"27","author":"Srinivasakannan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biomass Bioenergy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3923\/ijct.2010.12.20","article-title":"Combined effect of nitric acid and sodium hydroxide pretreatments on enzymatic saccharification of rubber wood (heavea brasiliensis)","volume":"2","author":"Alhasan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. 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