{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T18:09:38Z","timestamp":1775671778209,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,25]],"date-time":"2015-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Materials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, the morphological properties of fiber length (weighted in length) and of fiber width of unbleached Kraft pulp of Acacia melanoxylon were determined using TECHPAP Morfi\u00ae equipment (Techpap SAS, Grenoble, France), and were used in the calibration development of Near Infrared (NIR) partial least squares regression (PLS-R) models based on the spectral data obtained for the wood. It is the first time that fiber length and width of pulp were predicted with NIR spectral data of the initial woodmeal, with high accuracy and precision, and with ratios of performance to deviation (RPD) fulfilling the requirements for screening in breeding programs. The selected models for fiber length and fiber width used the second derivative and first derivative + multiplicative scatter correction (2ndDer and 1stDer + MSC) pre-processed spectra, respectively, in the wavenumber ranges from 7506 to 5440 cm\u22121. The statistical parameters of cross-validation (RMSECV (root mean square error of cross-validation) of 0.009 mm and 0.39 \u03bcm) and validation (RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction) of 0.007 mm and 0.36 \u03bcm) with RPDTS (ratios of performance to deviation of test set) values of 3.9 and 3.3, respectively, confirmed that the models are robust and well qualified for prediction. This modeling approach shows a high potential to be used for tree breeding and improvement programs, providing a rapid screening for desired fiber morphological properties of pulp prediction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9010008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,28]],"date-time":"2015-12-28T04:23:49Z","timestamp":1451276629000},"page":"8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Fibre Morphological Characteristics of Kraft Pulps of Acacia melanoxylon Estimated by NIR-PLS-R Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5393-4443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8726-2537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0267-3252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Of\u00e9lia","family":"Anjos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Castelo Branco, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Apartado 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1515\/hf-2013-0125","article-title":"Morphological, mechanical and optical properties of cypress","volume":"68","author":"Anjos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Holzforschung"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"202","article-title":"Effect of fibre length and coarseness on the burst strength of paper","volume":"82","author":"Anderson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tappi J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zobel, B.J., and Buijtenen, J.P. (1989). Wood Variation: Its Causes and Control, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74069-5"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Keays, J.L., Hatton, J.V., Bailey, G.R., and Neilson, R.W. Present and Future Uses of Canadian Poplars in Fibre and Wood Products. Available online: http:\/\/digitalcommons.usu.edu\/aspen_bib\/5234\/."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"440","article-title":"The relationship between fibre morphology and paper properties: A review of literature","volume":"48","author":"Dinwoodie","year":"1965","journal-title":"Tappi"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"58","article-title":"Natural variation in Populus tremuloides Michx. II. Variation in pulp and papermaking properties","volume":"45","author":"Einspahr","year":"1962","journal-title":"Tappi"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"6","article-title":"Relationship between the properties of eucalyptus wood and some chemical, pulp and paper properties","volume":"2","author":"Malan","year":"1994","journal-title":"Paper South. Africa"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"120","article-title":"A study of loblolly pine growth increments. Part IV. Papermaking properties","volume":"13","author":"Labosky","year":"1981","journal-title":"Wood Fiber"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"257","article-title":"The relationship between wood and pulp properties of E. grandis (Hill ex-Maiden) grown in South Africa","volume":"33","author":"DuPlooy","year":"1980","journal-title":"Appita"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"2153","article-title":"Fiber length and fiber strength in relation to tearing resistance of hardwood pulps","volume":"53","author":"Wandgaard","year":"1970","journal-title":"TAPPI"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"168","article-title":"Influence on fibre morphology on paper properties. Part 1. Fibre length","volume":"14","author":"Watson","year":"1961","journal-title":"Appita J."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"103","article-title":"Fiber properties and tearing resistance","volume":"71","author":"Seth","year":"1988","journal-title":"Tappi J."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Niskanen, K. (1998). Paper Physics, Fapet Oy."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"156","article-title":"Quality-competitiveness of Asian short-fibre raw materials in different paper grades","volume":"82","author":"Paavilainen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Paperi Ja Puu"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s10086-012-1286-2","article-title":"Influence on pulping yield and pulp properties of wood density of Acacia melanoxylon","volume":"58","author":"Santos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Wood Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1515\/HF.2002.040","article-title":"Direct effects of wood characteristics on pulp and handsheet properties of Eucalyptus globulus","volume":"56","author":"Wimmer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Holzforschung"},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry (TAPPI) Fiber Length of Pulp by Classification, Test Method T 233 cm-06, TAPPI Standard Test Methods, TAPPI."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry (TAPPI) Fiber Length of Pulp by Projection, Test Method T 232 cm-01, TAPPI Standard Test Methods, TAPPI."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Technical Association of the Pulp & Paper Industry (TAPPI) Fiber Length of Pulp and Paper by Automated Optical Analyser Using Polarized Light, Test Method T 271 om-12, TAPPI Standard Test Methods, TAPPI."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10086-015-1467-x","article-title":"A review of recent application of near infrared spectroscopy to wood science and technology","volume":"61","author":"Tsuchikawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Wood Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"527","article-title":"Estimation of tracheid morphological characteristics of green Pinus taeda L. radial strips by near infrared spectroscopy","volume":"36","author":"Schimleck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Wood Fiber Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1515\/HF.2004.009","article-title":"Estimation of Pinus radiata D. Don tracheid morphological characteristics by near infrared spectroscopy","volume":"58","author":"Schimleck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Holzforschung"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00226-005-0021-1","article-title":"Non-destructive estimation of Pinus taeda L. tracheid morphological characteristics for samples from a wide range of sites in Georgia","volume":"39","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Wood Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00107-004-0567-x","article-title":"Tracheid length prediction in Pinus palustris by means of near infrared spectroscopy: The influence of age","volume":"63","author":"Via","year":"2005","journal-title":"Holz als Roh-Und Werkstoff"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"6","article-title":"Novel method for estimating wood fiber length using near infrared spectroscopy","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"China Pulp Paper"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"421","article-title":"Predicting the morphological characteristics and basic density of Eucalyptus wood using the NIRS technique","volume":"15","author":"Viana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cerne"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s00226-010-0379-6","article-title":"Eucalyptus camaldulensis density and fiber length estimated by near-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"46","author":"Inagaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wood Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"3251","article-title":"Application of NIR spectroscopy to estimate of MFA and fiber length of Neosinocalamus affinis","volume":"31","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spectrosc. Spectr. Anal."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"58","article-title":"Papermaking potential of Acacia dealbata and Acacia melanoxylon","volume":"59","author":"Santos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appita J."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"185","article-title":"Effect of Acacia melanoxylon fibre morphology on papermaking potential","volume":"64","author":"Anjos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appita J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/s10086-008-0972-6","article-title":"The influence of heartwood on the pulping properties of Acacia melanoxylon wood","volume":"54","author":"Baptista","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Wood Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"43","article-title":"A comparison of fibre and pulp properties of diploid and tetraploid Acacia mangium grown in Vietnam","volume":"67","author":"Griffin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appita J."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) International Near-Infrared Methods-Guidelines for Model Development and Maintenance, AACC-Standards Method 39-00:15, AACC International."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1255\/jnirs.986","article-title":"Estimation of wood basic density of Acacia melanoxylon (R. Br.) by near infrared spectroscopy","volume":"20","author":"Santos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Near Infrared Spec."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, A.J.A., Anjos, O., and Pereira, H. (2015). Prediction of blackwood Kraft pulps yields with wood NIR-PLS-R models. Wood Sci. Technol., under review.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00226-016-0837-x"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6735","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.9.4.6735-6744","article-title":"Kappa number prediction of Acacia melanoxylon unbleached Kraft pulps using NIR-PLSR models with a narrow interval of variation","volume":"9","author":"Santos","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, A.J.A., Anjos, O., and Pereira, H. (2015). Estimation of Acacia melanoxylon unbleached Kraft pulp brightness by NIR spectroscopy. Forest Syst., 24.","DOI":"10.5424\/fs\/2015242-07580"},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Williams, P., and Norris, K. (2004). Near-Infrared Technology in the Agricultural and Food Industries, American Association of Cereal Chemists. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.5424\/fs\/2013223-02421","article-title":"Variation of some wood macroscopic properties along the stem of Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. adult trees in Portugal","volume":"22","author":"Santos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Forest Syst."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00226-007-0130-0","article-title":"NIR PLSR model selection for Kappa number prediction of maritime pine Kraft pulps","volume":"41","author":"Alves","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wood Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Materials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/9\/1\/8\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:54:47Z","timestamp":1760216087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1996-1944\/9\/1\/8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,25]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ma9010008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma9010008","relation":{},"ISSN":["1996-1944"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1996-1944","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,25]]}}}